EDITORIAL. 441 



for me to disapprove this whole series and to bring about the enactment 

 in the form of ordinances of a few simple hygienic rules suited to the 

 conditions and to the intelligence of these primitive people. 



Referring to Dr. Jackson's statements relative to the opposition likely 

 to be encountered in carrying out the program which he outlines, permit 

 me to suggest that two kinds of opposition are certain to be encountered 

 in this country, namely, active opposition and passive opjjosition. The 

 first has not been lacking and Dr. Jackson has evidently never heard of 

 certain facts which stick in my memory. 



Not only have we had the efforts of efficient men rendered utterly 

 futile by the active opposition of demagogues and politicians who have 

 stirred up the people, but we have had sanitary inspectors murdered 

 outright. While we are doubtless entirely capable with the armed force 

 at our disposal of sitting on the lid no matter how much political 

 fermentation the agitators may succeed in stimulating, it is, I am certain, 

 far more easy to persuade people such as these with whom we are 

 dealing in these Islands, to observe sanitary ordinances, than it is to 

 compel them to do so, and disturbances of public order are not helpful 

 if they can be avoided. 



But however serious may be the results of active opposition the diffi- 

 culties and obstacles created by the passive opposition of an Oriental 

 people like the Filipinos are far more formidable. I am sure that every 

 one of us who has encountered this opposition has an especially keen 

 appreciation of Kipling's description of the sad fate of the man "who 

 tried to hustle the East." 



Dr. Jackson states that we have ordinances to cover everything, but 

 that they are not enforced. I say that at the present time it is impossible 

 to enforce all of them unless you pin them to the hacks of the people 

 with the bayonet, and to attempt to inaugurate such a policy would be 

 foolhardy in the extreme. 



Our general sanitary measures for the suppresion of smallpox, cholera 

 and leprosy appeal strongly to the people. They can see and appreciate 

 what we are doing along this line and we are gradually gaining their 

 confidence and support. 



While we have a large body of Filipino physicians in Manila who 

 understand how to deal with individual cases of illness, these men have 

 not had any general sanitary training. It was impossible for them to get 

 it in Spanish times and we ought not to expect them to have, it now. 

 Until we have in these Islands a very much larger number of well- 

 trained men who know the customs of the people and who can persuade 

 them to adopt sanitary reforms without raising needless opposition, the 

 fundamental laws of sanitation will continue to be violated. It takes 

 men of the right sort to do these things, but suitable men are so scare 

 at present that we can not fill our vacant positions. How many men 

 would it take to carry out Dr. Jackson's program of enforcing sanitary 



