460 MUSGKAVE, CLEGG, AND POLK. 



James Homer Wright (Osier's Modern Medicine (1907), 1, 327; 340) who 

 has made valuable contributions to the study of Actinomycosis recognized JVo- 

 cardia as the correct generic name, but raises Actinomyces from species, as given 

 by Trevisan, to generic rank and thus converts what most authors have included 

 in a single genus, into two genera. 



Sir Patrick Manson (Tropical Diseases (1907), 4 ed., 759) in his recent 

 discussion of mycetoma has adopted a liberal etiologie classification, both by his 

 definition and his classification of the varieties of mycetoma. He classes 

 actinomycosis as one variety of mycetoma, designating it as actinomycotic my- 

 cetoma, and the other names under discussion here might also be included in 

 this category, if we adopt this definition. This eminent author in his definition 

 of mycetoma terms it "a fungus disease of warm climates, affecting principally 

 the foot, occasionally the hand, rarely the internal organs or other parts of the 

 body." 



Manson in this classification follows Brumpt {Arch. Parasit. (1906), 10, 

 489) who in turn apparently adopts his classification of the pa'rasites from 

 Gedoelst ( loc. cit. ) . The diverse forms of the disease recognized are : 



I. Actinomycotic mycetoma caused by Discomyces bovis (Harz 1877). II. 

 Vincent's white mycetoma produced by Discomyces inadunc (Vincent 1894). 



III. Nicolle's white mycetoma the result of Aspergillus nidulans (Eidam 1883). 



IV. Buffard's black mycetoma caused by Aspergillus bouffai-di (Brumpt 1906). 



V. Classic black mycetoma from Madurella mycetomi (Laveran 1902). VI. 

 Brumpt's white mycetoma from Indiella mansomi (Brumpt 1906). VII. Reynier's 

 white nryeetoma resulting from Indiella reynieri (Brumpt 1906). VIII. Bouf- 

 fard's white mycetoma from Indiella somaliensis (Brumpt 1906). 



SPECIES CONSIDERATION. 



Following the generic name of the entire group of organisms under 

 consideration, the next logical step of the problem is a discussion of the 

 species properly belonging to the genus. 



The classification of species is a more difficult problem than the generic- 

 determination, largely because of the imperfect description of many of 

 the so-called species or varieties. In fact, but few have been described 

 with sufficient clearness to make determination possible. 



It is not possible to state who first recognized this group of organisms. It 

 may have been Corda, 1842; Mayen, 1827; Von Langenbeek, 1845 (Acland in 

 Allbutt's System (1906). 2, pt. 1, 325); Sir T. Smith, 1855 (ibid); Lebert 

 (1857) (Traitfi d'anatomie pathologique, 1, 54) ; Ballingal, 1855; or any one of 

 several other writers, some of whom undoubtedly saw these parasites in lesions of 

 the human body. 



However, Henry Vandyke Carter, working from 1859 to 1S74, first established 

 the pathogenic r6le of the streptothrices in human pathology. While Carter did 

 not cultivate his organism on artificial media and his descriptions are insufficient 

 for species determination, a study of his publications leaves no doubt but that 

 he was working with a clinical type of Streptothrix infection and his observations 

 as to the specific etiology were quite satisfactory. 



Erye 1860, Collas 1861, Biddie 1862, Coquerel 1866 Moxon and Hogg [Trans. 

 Path. 8oc, London (1870)), Bristowe {Trans. Path. 8oe.. London (1871)), Hogg 

 (Med. Times iG Gaz.) (1871), all recognized fungus-like bodies in cases of foot 

 infection, which were clinically mycetoma or Madura foot. 



Berkeley (Med. Press & Circ., (1876).) states that he had cultivated one of 



