STREPTOTHRICOSIS. 461 



these organisms from a ease of Madura foot which had been forwarded to him 

 by Vandyke Carter. He named the organism Chionyphe oarteri. 



Rivolta ( Med. Vet. ( 1868 ) ) probably saw these organisms in pus taken from 

 an abscess on the jaw of a cow. Rivolta (1868-1875) also found disc-like 

 bodies in nodular masses from the tongue of a cow. He named the disease 

 sarcomycosis. 



Robin (Traite de Microscopie, Paris (1871), 575) gives a brief description 

 of yellowish granules from two abscesses which were probably due to Strepto- 

 thrix infection. 



Heller (about 1872, completed a work which he published in Deutsch.' Arch f. 

 klin. Med (1885), 37, 372) and from his description and drawing probably saw 

 these organisms in the discharges from a ease which he later considered to be 

 acute actinomycosis. 



Perroncito (1875) evidently saw and described species of this organism taken 

 from a pseudosareoma of the jaw of a cow. 



Cohn (Beilr. Biol. d. Pflanzen. (1875)) 1, 148, described an organism which 

 he obtained from concretions in the lachrymal canals of a, patient, terming it 

 Cladothrix fosteri. 



Bollinger (Deutsche Ztsch. f. Thiermed., Leipz. (1877), 3, 334) noted the 

 constant occurrence of a branching organism in lumpy-jaw of cattle; Harz (ibid, 

 (1878)) described it, naming the organism Actinomyces bovis and Bollinger 

 termed the disease actinomycosis. 



Israel (Virch. Arch (1878), 74, 15) described a disease in. man similar to 

 actinomycosis in cattle and detailed the microscopic appearances of the causative 

 Streptothrix. Ponflck (Breslau. arztl. Ztschr. (1879) furnished strong evidence 

 of the etiologic identity of the diseases of man as described by Israel and of 

 cattle as given by Bollinger and Harz. 



Corre (Arch. med. Wav., Par. (1883)) in reporting the notes of Dr. Collas 

 called attention to the probable identity of actinomycosis with the earlier de- 

 scribed mycetoma, and many other authors since that time have come to the 

 conclusion that the diseases are probably the same. 



Mandareau (Bull. acad. med. (1887), 18, 555) gave a morphologic descrip- 

 tion of a species of Streptothrix. Nocard (Ann. Inst. Pasteur (1888), 2, 293) 

 described and cultivated a Streptothrix from the lesions of a disease known as 

 farcin du boeuf which was very prevalent among cattle in Guadeloupe. Organisms 

 which agree with Nocard's description have repeatedly been isolated from 

 pathologic lesions by other authors. Nocard's work was epoch making in that he 

 was the first satisfactorily to cultivate a Streptothrix in pure culture. 



Affanassiew and Sehultz (Miinchener med. Wchnsch. (1889), 36, 418) briefly 

 described a Streptothrix obtained from pus and sputum. Cultures were patho- 

 genic for guinea pigs. Protopopoff and Hammer (Ztschr. f. 3eilk. (1890, 11, 

 255) reported incomplete studies of the cultures of Affanassiew's and Sehultz's 

 organism. Kischensky (Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm. (1889), 26, 79) partially 

 described and probably cultivated a Streptothrix which may have been identical 

 with that cultivated later by Wolff and Israel from a human case of actino- 

 mycosis of the lungs. Bujwid (Central, f. Bait., etc. Abth. 1 (1889), 6, 630) 

 cultivated and briefly described a Streptothrix which was a facultative anaerobe 

 taken from a human case of actinomycosis. 



Eppinger (Wien klin. Wchnsch. (1890), 3, 321 ) cultivated a Streptothrix 

 from a brain abscess and a "pseudo tuberculosis of the lungs", the patient having 

 manifested the clinical symptoms of meningitis during life. This organism was 

 Gram positive, acid-fast and a facultative aerobe. Growth occurred on the 

 ordinary laboratory media and the organism was pathogenic for laboratory 



