462 MUSGRAVE, CLEGG, AND POLK. 



animals. Eppinger's publication, like that of Nocard, forms a landmark in the 

 history of the disease. His work has been confirmed by MacCallum and others 

 and his organism, which is a different species from that of Nocard, will be more 

 fully considered in this paper. 



Almquist (Ztschr. f. Hyg. (1890), 8, 189) cultivated species of Streptothrix 

 from three different sources. The first was discovered as a contamination in 

 a gelatin culture tube, the second was cultivated from pus taken from the base 

 of the brain from a human case and the third culture was isolated from water. 

 Liebman (Arch, per le sci. med. (1890), 14, 361) discussed the cultivation of 

 Streptothrix in pure 'culture. 



Bostroem (Beitr. z. path. Anat., etc. (1891). 9, 1 to 240) cultivated a single 

 species of Streptothrix from eleven cases of actinomycosis. His organism was 

 Gram positive and in part acid-fast and was a facultative aerobe in cultures. 

 Growth was obtained with difficulty directly from the lesions, but the later trans- 

 plants were more satisfactory in artificial media. Bostroem's article was the first 

 published exhaustive consideration of the cultivation of Streptothrix. Wolff 

 and Israel 1891 (Virch Arch. (1S91), 126, 11) cultivated a Streptothrix from 

 two cases of clinical actinomycosis in man. In one ease the lesion was a retro- 

 maxillary tumor and the other was actinomycosis of the lungs. This organism 

 was acid-fast and a facultative anaerobe. Gruber (Tr. VII Intern. Gong. Hyg. 

 <C- Demog., Lond. (1891), 2, 65) discovered (as an accidental contamination of 

 culture media) an organism which he described as Micromyces hofmanni. This 

 organism produced pyaemia in animals and "ray fungus" types were present in 

 the lesions. The articles by Doyen (Tr. VII Intern. Cong. Hyg. & Demog., Lond. 

 (1891), 3) and Roussel (These, Paris, 1891) are not available to us. 



Hesse (Deutsche Ztschr. f. Chir. (1892), 34, 274) obtained a Streptothrix 

 by culture from an abscess in the groin, which when opened was found to com- 

 municate by a sinus with the intestine. Autopsy on the patient, who died after 

 more than a year's illness, showed a rectal fistula communicating with multiple 

 abscesses in and around the pelvis. There was bronchitis, but the oi'ganisms 

 were not found in the sputum. The organism was Gram positive and aerobic in 

 culture media. Growth occurred on the majority of media and serum media 

 were liquefied. No positive results were obtained from intravenous, intraperi- 

 toneal, or subcutaneous injections of cultures into rabbits, guinea pigs or white 

 mice. Sauvageau and Kadais (Ann. Inst. Pasteur (1S92), 6, 242) studied a 

 number of streptothriees which had already been isolated by other authors. 

 They made a classification of Streptothricae in general, based upon cultural 

 characteristics. 



The articles by Lanz (Cor. Bl. f. schioeiz. Aerzte (1892), 307; 339) ; Ebermann 

 (Inaug. Diss. St. Petersburg (1893); Dor (Gaz. hebd. de med. (1893) 2 s., 30, 

 40) and of Dor and Berard (Prov. med. (1893) are not available to us. 



Vincent (Ann. Inst. Pasteur (1894), 8, 129) cultivated a Streptothrix which 

 was pathogenic for laboratory animals from a case of ochroid variety of myce- 

 toma. We have already noticed this organism somewhat in detail and it will be 

 considered further. Vincent's work is very important because he was the first 

 satisfactorily to cultivate a Streptothrix from the Madura foot type of the 

 disease and because his organism is specifically different from any of those 

 described before his paper appeared. Boyee and Surveyor (see bibliography) in 

 a series of articles, described streptothriees which they were able to isolate from 

 cultures made by friends in India, taken from cases of mycetoma and forwarded 

 to the authors in England. The brief description given by these authors renders 

 it probable that this organism was identical with that of Vincent. Karg (Bef. 

 Diims' Deutsche mil-drztl. Ztschr. (1894), 23, 145) cultivated a Streptothrix 



