GEOLOGY OF SARATOGA SPRINGS AND VICINITY I3 



P^ort Edward is its postglacial route of passage from the one to 

 the other. 



Aside from the river, the two principal streams of the district 

 are Batten kill, coming into the river from the east, and the 

 Kayaderosseras creek — Fish creek drainage from the west. This 

 latter basin covers most of the Saratoga quadrangle and about one- 

 third of the Schuylerville as well. Only the lower portion of 

 Batten kill lies within the map limits, some 7 miles long following 

 the stream, but only a little over 4 miles in an air line. In this 

 short distance it drops over 200 feet. The larger part of this 

 drop is made at Middle Falls and at the fall i mile below Middle 

 Falls, unnamed on the map. This part of the stream's course is 

 wholly modern and postglacial. 



All the upper portion of Ka}'aderosseras creek lies in the deeply 

 drift-filled, structural valley running south from Corinth. Heavy 

 drift across the valley east of Middlegro\e turns the stream aside 

 and its course between Middlegrove and West Milton is modern 

 and to the west of the old valley, with the chief drop at Rock City 

 Falls. At West ^lilton it reenters and crosses the old valley, then 

 turns south through Ballston in a modern course, with frequent 

 rapids and falls.^ Below Ballston it flows through a shallow valley 

 wholly in drift to Saratoga lake. Below the lake it is a sluggish 

 stream with little fall in preexisting valleys until the big bend just 

 below A'ictory Mills is reached. The final mile and a half of the 

 stream is again in a modern channel, with a drop of nearly 100 feet. 



On these three streams, because of their steep gradient, there 

 are numerous water-power sites, all of which are occupied and 

 in vigorous use. Few districts show as thorough utilization of 

 power possil)ilities. 



GLACIAL DEPOSITS 



On the higher grounds of the district there is no great thickness 

 of glacial deposit, and the topography and bedrock geology are 

 well shown. But at the lower levels, and chiefly in the two great 

 valleys, there is abundant and often thick drift, constituting an 

 important element in the topography. This drift is in part glaci- 

 ally deposited and in part a water deposit. 



MORAINES 



No terminal moraine of any particular ])rominence lies within 

 tlic map limits, though there is a consideral)lc morainic belt running 

 across the northern portion of ihe Saratoga ([uadrangle. But there 



