GEOLOGY OF SARATOGA SPRINGS AND VICINITY 



157 



be regarded as deep-seated waters which have arisen from depth 

 along the hne of the Saratoga fault and spread from the fault 

 plane into the dolomite, in which rock they migrated away from 

 the fault plane and down the dip, to the east and south, thus 

 changing from ascending to descending waters ; or they may be 

 regarded as having come from some source to the east and as hav- 

 ing used the dolomite as their route toward the west, coming up 

 the dip of the rock as ascending waters, the head supplied from 

 the hills east of the Hudson. Until the Saratoga fault is reached 

 the water is confined to the dolomite by the impervious cover of 



= A 



A 

 B 



r 1 , 



I ,1 ,1 ,1 , 1 — , 1 , k 











1 ■ '1 ■ ■! ■ 1' = 





C 



1 



1 1 ( 1 1 1 ,n 



>i'' 1 ' ,'^"7"' ■ 1 ■ 1 1 





1 



r 1 



' 1 ' 1 1 



\ ■ 1 ■ '1 ■ I"- 





li 1 ; 1 1 1 









1 ' ^ ' 1 ' 



1; 



1 1 ' 1 







B 

 C 



D 



Fig. 16 Diagram of the supposed extension of the Saratoga fault at 

 Ballston. The arrows indicate the course taken by the underground water 

 which comes from the east through the dolomite, rises along the fault frac- 

 ture to the level of the dolomite on the west (upthrow) side, and passes 

 into that toward the west, the shales preventing it from coming all the way 

 to the surface. 



A = Canajoharie shale, B ^ Amsterdam limestone, C = Little Falls dolomite 

 D^Hoyt, Theresa and Potsdam formations in order. 



overlying shale, and at the fault the first opportunity to escape 

 to the surface is given. On this view the waters do not ascend 

 from any great depth along the fault, but merely follow it to the 

 surface from their fissures in the dolomite, below ground on the 

 east side of the fault. In our opinion this latter view represents 

 the true state of the case. Ruedemann was the first to see this 

 clearly, his opinion being based on his structural work in the dis- 

 trict of overthrusting east of the Hudson. He has prepared a 

 statement of his views, which appear on page 165 of this bulletin. 

 We are in cordial agreement with his reasoning as there outlined. 

 As ])rcviously stated, we ihiiik the lack of carbonated waters to the 



