216 American Species of the Genus Anemone. 



edition. Watson reduced them to Anemone in his Bibliographical 

 Index, but in the sixth edition of Gray's Manual retains Hepatica 

 as a genus. Freyn, who has recently studied Ranunculaceae, con- 

 siders Pulsatilla distinct (Deutsche Bot. Monats., viii, 78, 1890). 



I am satisfied after a study of nearly all the described species that 

 the first treatment of the group by Linnaeus is the most satisfactory. 

 There is perhaps less reason for keeping Anemone and Pulsatilla 

 distinct than for separating Hepatica, but I find no transitions from 

 Pulsatilla to Anemone, and it forms a very natural group of species 

 both as to structure, habit, and geographical distribution through- 

 out the north temperate zone. 



As to the other genera referred to Anemone by recent authors I 

 think them also clearly distinct. Syndesmon, Hoffm. (Anemonella, 

 Spach), of eastern North America, has no close analogue in either 

 Thalictrum or Anemone, to both of which it has been referred, and 

 I entirely agree with Dr. Watson in keeping it as a genus, although 

 under the older of the two generic names. Barneoudia, Gay, species 

 of extra-tropical South America, are to me very different from any 

 true Anemone or Hepatica, and very circumscribed in distribution. 

 Knowltonia, of South Africa, referred to Anemone by Baillon and 

 Engler and Prantl, but kept up by Bentham and Hooker, I regard 

 as distinct for similar reasons. 



The essential characters of the genera known to occur in America 

 as understood by me may be indicated as follows : — 



Achenia with long, plumose, persistent styles ; outer stamens often sterile ; 

 involucre remote from the flower, 3-leaved ; radical leaves digitately much 

 divided 1. Pulsatilla. 



Achenia glabrous, pubescent, or woolly, with short, subulate, not plumose 

 styles ; stamens all antheriferous ; involucre remote from the flower or 

 flowers, 1-3-leaved, the leaves sessile or petioled ; radical leaves various. 



2. Anemone. 



Achenia pubescent, short-beaked ; stamens all antheriferous ; involucre ap- 

 proximate to the flower, 3-leaved, calyciform, the leaves sessile ; radical 

 leaves petioled, 3-lobed or' sometimes 5-7-lobed 3. Hepatica* 



Achenia? carpels densely villous-pubescent ; style glabrous; filaments all 

 antheriferous; involucre G ; leaves petioled, entire 4. Capetllia. 



Achenia cylindric ; style filiform ; stigma papillose ; outer stamens dilated and 

 petaloid ; involucre 5-6-leaved or 5-6-lobed, contiguous with the flower ; 

 radical leaves entire, lobed or bifid 5. Barneoudia. 



Achenia columnar, terete, deeply grooved, the stigma sessile and truncate ; 

 stamens all antheriferous ; involucre distant from the flower, of 2-3, 

 sessile, ternate, long-stalked leaflets ; radical leaves 2-3-ternately com- 

 pound.. ~ 6. Syndesmon. 



