62 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



Doryichtlvys pleurotcsnia, n. sp. (PL XXVI. fig. D). 



D. 25, Osseous rings 18 + 14. The edges of each ring terminate in a slightly pro- 

 minent spine. Lateral line continuous, passing into the lower caudal edge. Snout with 

 denticulated ridges ; operculum with a slightly oblique raised hne, below which there are 

 several other radiating keels ; snout shorter than the remaining portion of the head ; 

 interorbital space concave, the supraorbital ridge being raised, but scarcely serrated. 

 Vent behind the middle of the dorsal fin, ec[uidistant from the root of the pectoral, and 

 from the end of the caudal. Pectoral shorter than the operculum ; caudal longer than 

 the snout. Light grepsh, with a brownish-black band from the snout along the middle 

 of the body and caudal fin. 



Distance of the snout from the vent, 14 fines. Distance of the vent from the end of 

 the caudal, 9 lines. 



The figure is twice the natural size. Length of specimen, 23 lines. Oif Honolulu ; 

 18 fathoms. 



Balistes buniva, Lac, Reefs at Honolulu. 



/. JAPAN". 



A considerable collection was brought together during the prolonged stay of the 

 Expedition in Japan (April 11 to June 16, 1875). All the specimens were obtained on 

 the southern and south-eastern shores of Nipon, viz., at Yokohama (where, besides 

 marine fishes, several fresh-water species were ■purchased in the market), and from 

 fishing-boats off" Liosima. These boats were fishing with long lines in 400 fathoms. 

 They had small hooks attached all along the lines, and on these they brought up, along 

 with a number of deep-sea fishes, specimens of Hyalonema, and many Pennatulids and 

 other Alcyonarians. The ship dredged in 345 fathoms. The remainder of the collection 

 came from the sheltered straits which separates Nipon from the Southern Islands, called 

 the "Inland Sea," and particularly from Kobe. 



A fact to which I have repeatedly drawn attention, and again quite recently in Ann. 

 Mag. Nat Hist., 1878, vol. i. p. 385, viz., that there exists the greatest similarity between 

 the marine fauna of Japan and that of the Mediterranean, the adjacent parts of the 

 Atlantic, and the West Indies, is fully borne out by the Challenger collections. It is 

 proved not only by a number of species absolutely identical in the seas named, but also 

 by a large proportion of representative species. The similarity becomes stiU more obvious 

 when we take into consideration species which live at a moderate depth of from 200 to 

 400 fathoms ; and although I have included the descriptions of those fishes in the deep- 

 sea series, it wiU be useful to enumerate them here with an indication of their geogra- 

 phical range. Of the nineteen species obtained at a depth of 345 fathoms, four are 



