﻿part 8] STAXNTFEKOL'S DEPOSITS OP KINTA DISTRICT. 



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and the presence of both on the east side, is not a mere coincidence. 

 The rivers flowing over the beds which once covered the limestone 

 formed definite courses before cutting down to the latter, and these 

 courses they continued to keep and to deepen after reaching the 

 limestone, eroding it in their beds and leaving it on their banks 

 protected by the deposits which still, in places, cap the limestone. 

 It seems reasonable to assume that on the east the limestone 

 reached a higher level than on the west of the valley, for the effect 

 of the granite of the Kledang Range on the west, in forming an 

 anticline, would be considerably less pronounced than that of 

 the enormous igneous mass forming the Main Range and reaching 

 twice the height of the Kledang Range. The presence of meta- 

 morphosed limestone flanking the Main Range for some considerable 

 height (it very probably once extended over the range in places, 

 and was continuous with the metamorphosed limestone on the 

 other — the Pahang side — of the range) lends strong support to 

 this view. 1 



The evidence on the formation of strikingly similar cliffs in 

 other parts of the Malay Peninsula is very clear. M. De la 

 Croix describes those of the River Tui district in Pahang as 

 being due to denudation, and adds that there is evidence on that 

 side also that the limestone 1 has overlain even the top of the 

 Main Dividing Range.' The same writer, in another paper, 3 

 describes a limestone cliff near Grapis (in Pahang), and compares 

 it with those of the Kinta district as follows : — 



' II est fort probable que cet ilot calcaire n'est pas aussi isole qu'il parait, 

 et qu'il existe dans son voisinage et en d'autres points de la plaine de Perak 

 d'autres masses qui ont du etre nivelees par les phenomenes d'erosion et re- 

 converts par les alluvions, ainsi qu'on peut l'observer dans la vallee de Kinta. 



' Ces memes caracteres se retrouvent dans la vallee de Kinta ; au nord a 

 Gunong Jalong et a Gunong Plias ' . . . 



In the memoir on Ulu Pahang, Mr. Scrivenor states that the 

 limestone cliffs on the east side of the Main Range have been 

 formed by the ' process of denudation acting unequally on masses 

 of strongly jointed and tilted beds of limestone.' A comparison 

 of the photographs of Bukit Groa Sar in that memoir 3 with 

 that of the cliff' near New Tambun Mine, 4 in the Kinta district, 

 will show the striking similarity between the cliffs on both sides of 

 the Main Range. 



At Batu Caves, near Kuala Lumpur, a fracture-plane is clearly 

 seen to be continuous from one cliff-face into the other. It would 

 be an extraordinary coincidence to find that these two cliffs had 

 been faulted with exactly the same throw. The evidence in 



1 J. B. Scrivenor, ' The Geology & Mining Industries of Ulu Pahang, 

 Federated Malay States' Kuala Lumpur, 1911, p. 33. 



2 J. E. De la Croix, ' Le Royaume de Perak ' Bull. Soc. Geogr. Paris, ser. 8, 

 vol. iv (1883) pp. 342-48. 



3 ' The Geology & Mining Industries of Ulu Pahang ' pi. iv, facing p. 34. 



4 'The Geology & Mining Industry of the Kinta District' 1913, pi. viii, 

 fig. 2. 



