A REVISION OF THE ORIENTAL HESPERIID^E. 155 



21 (6). Hind wing below with the pale spot in the middle of cell 7 not 



continued in cell 8. 



22 (27). Hind wing below with the outermost pale spot in cell 7 adjoining 



or near the termen. 



23 (26). Hind wing below with the pale median band conspicuously 



broken inwardly at cell 7. 



24 (25) . Species smaller (exp. 30-38 mm.) and paler. Pale spots on 



upperside relatively larger tessellum, Hiibn. 



25 (24). Species larger (exp. 40-45 mm.) and darker. Pale spots on 



upperside relatively smaller gigas, Brem. 



26 (23). Hind wing below with the pale median band continuous and 



equally wide in cells 3 to 7 inclusive nobilis, Stgr. 



27 (22). Hind wing below with the outermost pale spot in cell 7 remote 



from the termen. 



28 (29). Costal fold inconspicuous, apparently absent; no tibial hair- 



pencil poggei, Led. 



29(28). Costal fold conspicuous ; no tibial hair-pencil. 



30 (31). Hind wing below : inner edge of the outermost spot in cell 7 



in line with the transverse vein. Size generally smaller. 



Subapical notch of clasp with an erect tooth proto, Esper. 



31 (30). Hind wing below: inner edge of the outermost spot in cell 7 



not in line with the transverse vein. Size larger. Subapical 



notch of clasp without a tooth . , . staudingeri, Speyer. 



32 (3). No subterminal series of small pale spots on fore wing. 



33 (36). With a tibial hair-pencil but no costal fold in the male. Hind 



wing below with the pale macular band ending in a spot at 

 the apex of cell 1 b. 

 34(35). Hind wing above usually without pale markings 'cashmirensis, Moore. 



35 (34). Hind wing above with conspicuous pale markings l alpina, Ersch. 



36 (33). Tibial hair-pencil and costal fold both present in the male. 



Hind wing below with the macular band ending in a spot in 

 the middle of cell 1 b. 



37 (50) . Hind wing below with the spot on the transverse vein straight- 



sided within. 2 



38 (49) . Hind wing below with the markings sharply defined. 



39 (40). Hind wing below with an irregular continuous pale terminal 



band 3 carthami, Hiibn. 



1 These two species are exceedingly closely allied. It seems doubtful whether alpina is not a geographical 

 race of cashmirensis. 



2 This character is not absolute. Exceptions occur in H. malvce and some others ; but malvas is a well- 

 known species, and the other exceptions occur so sparingly that the practical utility of the character is not 

 affected. 



3 This character is not absolutely diagnostic of carthami, but in practice it is found that its occurrence in 

 other species is rare and obviously abnormal. 



