A REVISION OF THE ORIENTAL HESPERIID^E. 257 



Halpe. 



Halpe, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 689 ; Watson, op. cit. 1893, p. 108. 



Species of moderate or small size, brown or grey-brown above; fore wing with 

 hyaline spots, but not one in cell 4 ; no hyaline spots in hind wing except in 

 H. submacula, Leech. Antennae longer than half the costa ; club slender ; length 

 of the apiculus about twice the width of the club. Third joint of palpi short, 

 porrect, nearly concealed. Fore wing: basal portion of vein 5 receding from vein 6, 

 vein 5 therefore arising much nearer to vein 4 than to vein 6 ; or vein 5 straight, 

 arising very little nearer vein 4 than vein 6, its basal portion not receding from vein 6 ; 

 vein 2 from near the half-length of the cell (except in separata, llavchardi, and 

 suhflava, where it arises from the apical third of the lower margin of the cell) ; 

 termen generally shorter than the dorsum. Hind wing : vein 5 nearly obsolete ; 

 in the males vein 7 is abruptly bent upwards at the base, and at the same point 

 there is a corresponding deflexion of the upper margin of the cell, so that the whole 

 subcostal vein of the hind wing forms a figure resembling a tuning-fork ; the latter 

 structure is correlated to a discal sex-mark on the fore wing and is found in a few other 

 genera. Tibial epiphysis present ; hind tibia? with two pairs of spurs. 



Sex-mark on the fore wing of the male a broad ridge of modified scales passing 

 obliquely from below the basal third of vein 1 a to the base of vein 3 ; in structure 

 this sex-mark consists of two large corneous pits filled with yellow flocculent hairs 

 and covered with broad modified scales ; vein 1 a is abruptly angulate before the 

 middle. 



The sex-mark is wanting in H. astif/mata, Swinh., and H. Meron, de Nicev. 



The following table includes all the species that we have been able to examine 

 critically. The species of this genus can rarely be identified with certainty from 

 figures : — 



. Males. 



1 (58). Disc of hind wing above not occupied by a large suffused or well- 



defined yellow spot traversed by the brown veins. 



2 (57). Hind wing below without silvery stripes. 



3 (56). Clothing of breast and palpi not pure white. 



4 (23). Club of antennae banded with white on the upperside next to the 



apiculus. 



5 (22). Hind wing without hyaline spots. 



6 (9). Hind wing below with a sharply defined white median band 



running from the apex of cell 7 to the middle of cell 1 b, where 

 it is abbreviated. 

 (8). Fore wing : pale spot in cell 2 about one-third as long as that cell, zema, Hew 



8 (7). Fore wing : pale spot in cell 2 about one-sixth as long as that cell, ormenes, Weym. 



9 (6). Hind wing below not as in paragraph 6. 



10 (13). Hind wing below with a pale spot near the base of cell 7. 



