156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [June 15, 



section of this sort. (See fig. 1.) Here, in going westward, the 

 eye is attracted first of all by some blocks of yellowish rock lying in 



Fig. 1. — Section near TelanJche&i. 



E. W. 



a. Altered Freshwater-rock. b. Trap-rock. c. Freshwater-rock. 



position on the surface. Externally they exhibit marks of Physa 

 Prinsepii, and on being broken they are discovered to be a crystal- 

 line mass in the centre. Doubtless this metamorphosis is due to the 

 heat communicated by the trap in its former state of lava, which, 

 being longer retained in the interior of the blocks, subjected the par- 

 ticles there to a decided change, while those on the outside remained 

 unaffected. As you pass on, you walk over trap till you arrive again 

 at the freshwater stratum, which in an adjoining watercourse is 

 seen to sink down to the west at an angle of about 30°, with soft 

 amygdaloid below it, and a less vesicular rock above. It is evident 

 that at this spot we have an anticlinal axis on a small scale, and 

 that the cause of the disturbance is the volcanic rock, which, whether 

 it lies below or above, must be subsequent to the deposit. My 

 lamented friend Adolphe Schlagintweit, who held that the lower 

 trap was prior to the deposit, felt constrained to admit, in order to 

 account for the appearances presented at the junction of the two, 

 that occasional showers of volcanic ashes may have continued to 

 fall during the formation of the aqueous rocks * ; but I see not 

 how volcanic ashes could fracture and upheave the latter, as we find 

 to be the case : and, supposing the ejection of these ashes to be at- 

 tended with the dislocation of the stratum, it is difficult to under- 

 stand how the underlying amygdaloid could rise as a boss into the 

 upheaved portion, unless it were in a liquid state after the deposition 

 of the upper rock. 



Again, between the spot now referred to and Nagpur there is a 

 ravine displaying a natural section somewhat like the subjoined f. 



* Report VI. of the Magnetic Survey of India, p. 34. 



t See Journal It. Asiat. Soc. vol. ix. p. 33 for a similar section given by New- 

 bold from a trap-hill near Sindaghi, in the southern Marathi country. There we 

 have in descending order : globular concentric basalt ; a seam of kunker ; red 

 amygdaloid with zeolites and calc-spar ; another seam of kunker ; wacke, brownish- 

 green and grey ; and a third kunkeraceous seam, which is underlaid by wacke. 

 The three kunkeraceous seams are represented as connected with each other in 

 the same manner as in the above section. In designating these seams I use the 

 term employed by Newbold. Of course they have nothing to do with " kunker" 

 commonly so called in India, which is a comparatively recent concretion in the 

 soil of the East. They are in fact the calcareous matter of the intertrappean 



