1859.] SYMONDS LEDBURY TUNNEL. 195 



" heading" was driven through a considerable thickness of the Led- 

 bury equivalent of the Aymestry limestone. The characteristic Pen- 

 tamerus KnigJitii has been discovered by Henry Brooks ; and abund- 

 ance of the Rhynchonella Wilsoni, with Strophomena euglypha and 

 Atrypa reticularis, pervade the here impure limestone. 



Upper Ludlow Rock (No. 2). 



The workmen have discovered that a shale at the surface becomes 

 a rock, and an exceedingly hard rock, in a tunnel ; nevertheless these 

 beds are not so intractable as the Aymestry deposits, and soon weather 

 when exposed to the atmosphere. Many typical fossils are known, 

 as Chonetes lata, Discina rugata, Serpulites longisshnus, and Cornulites 

 serpularius, <fcc. Some of the beds contain nodular concretions of 

 iron-pyrites. 



The bone-bed, at the summit of the Upper Ludlow Rock, has not 

 as yet been discovered at Ledbury. 



Downton bed (No. 3). 

 The Downton Castle building-stone is but thinly developed in the 

 Ledbury tunnel, and the yellow character is not so persistent, while, 

 owing to a lateral wrench running from east to west, the interpreta- 

 tion of these rocks is rendered somewhat obscure. Mr. Collingwood, 

 a gentleman visiting Ledbury for the purpose of geologizing, has 

 detected the small Lingula so characteristic of these strata, and, as I 

 think, evidently a different species from the largo Lingula of the red 

 and grey beds higher in the series, the Lingula cornea. 1 trust that 

 future excavations, and a brighter light than that obtained from 

 tallow-dips, will yet enable us to determine whether certain reddish 

 marly beds on this horizon are in position, or let in by a fault. 



Red and Mottled Maris with their Sandstones (Nos. 4 to 8 of section). 

 From the Downton beds to the entrance of the tunnel in the Red 

 Mails ( No. 8), we find a series of red and mottled marls and sand- 

 stones, which have furnished no fossils excepting a large Lingula and 

 fragments of Pteraxpis or Oejahalaspis. All these strata are clearly 

 conformable to the Downton bods below, and the greyish-blue grits 

 and shales (see Nos. 9 and 12 of section). 



Grey shale and thin Gril (No. 9). 

 This thin band is conformably underlain by red marls, and con- 

 formably surmounted bj ivd and purple shales and sandstones. 1 

 have in my possession a portion of the head of a large Cephalaapis, 



(C. Murr/iisDiii )and a pineor of a I'trrygntii.t, both of which were dis- 



eovei'ed and treasured up l>\ llenn Ih-ooks of the Somend, Ledbury, 

 a working shoemaker, and an indefatigable geologist. I can recom- 

 mend him as a most efficient local guide to the geologj of the district. 



Purple Shales and thin Sandstones (Nos. LO & 11). 

 These rocks furnish a striking background to the grey rooks next 

 to be described, and which Btand out in bold relief. No time, how- 

 ever, should be lost if geologists wish to behold this picturesque 



section; for the pickaxe and shovel will BOOH destrOJ a BUCOBBSioil of 

 701. XVI. — PAB ri. r 



