268 president's address, 



these singular underground dwellings at Newstead, in Roxburgh- 

 shire, in 1845, in whose construction most interesting dressed 

 and moulded Roman stones had been used. A hexagonal 

 bronze fibula or brooch was discovered during explorations a 

 few years since, with several relics of the stone age, in the long- 

 buried "bury" or so-called Pictish Round Tower at Edin'sHall, 

 near Dunse, in Berwickshire. It is the most southern example 

 of what Dr. Wilson calls "the earliest native architectural re- 

 mains," with intramural chambers and stairs. The results of 

 the excavations were very striking when I had the pleasure of 

 visiting it with Mr. Milne Home, Dr. Beddoe, then President of 

 the Anthropological Society, the late Mr. George Tate, E.G.S., 

 and the Exploration Committee. Dr. Petrie considers the Irish 

 Round Towers built near churches, to have been erected for 

 defence against the Danes ; thus serving the purpose of our 

 Northumbrian Rectory houses, which were fortified against the 

 Scots. All, so far as I am aware, are built near the sea, or at 

 no great distance from the coast which the dreaded vikings 

 would first ravage in their piratical voyages. 



When we pass to the deductions of the craniologists, the suc- 

 cession of different pre-historic races in our country is confessed 

 by some of the best authorities to be as yet very enigmatical. 

 The dolicho-cephalic, or long-headed people, probably of Turanian 

 stock, of the Iberian or Euskarian race, cognate with the Basques, 

 Finns, and Lapps, were the first inhabitants, to judge from the 

 evidence afforded by the long (burial) barrows, a form of barrow 

 not one of which, I believe, has been found in this county. The 

 primary interments often have above them secondary interments 

 of the hr achy -cephalic (to use again one of their euphonious terms), 

 or Round-Heads, a race who drove the Spanish-Iberians into the 

 mountains, where Tacitus recognised them in the ancient Silures 

 on the borders of Wales, and into the wilds of Connaught, in 

 the far west of Ireland. But the strange fact is, that after the 

 Celtic Round-Heads, if such they were, came Long-Heads again; 

 and, after them, Teutonic Long-Heads. Did the hereditary cranial 

 characteristic re-appear in the second dolicho-cephalic race, 

 through the recognised law of atavism ? and possibly because 



