1861.] DAVIDSON — BEACHIOrODA, SALT-EANGE. 25 



3. On some CARr.oxiFEEors BEAcnioroDA collected in India hi/ A. 

 Fleming, M.D., and ^\. Puedon, Esq., F.G.S. By T. Davidson, 

 Esq., F.K.S., F.G.S. 



[Plates I. & II.] 



I. Bracliiopoda of tJie Ccirhoniferoiis Period, collected in the Pinijah 

 hij A. Fleming, M.D., during the years 1848 and 1852. 



DrRiNG his geological survey of the Salt-range in the Punjab, Dr. 

 A. Fleming had opportunities of collecting a considerable number of 

 fossils, which he sent to England in 1849 and 1852, and of which a 

 portion were at the time cursorily examined by M. De Yerneuil, 

 myself, and one or two other pala3ontologists. Some few of these 

 fossils have been already recorded in a paper by Dr. Fleming, pub- 

 lished in the 9th volume of the Quarterlv Journal of the Geological 

 Society (1853), also in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 

 for 1853, as weU as in the same author's excellent ' Report of the 

 Geological Structure and Mineral Wealth of the Salt-range in the 

 Punjab,- printed at Lahore in 1854; and at the author's request I 

 have recently re-examined all the species of Brachiopoda of the Car- 

 boniferous age which he had collected, with the view of completing 

 in this respect the imperfect list pubhshed in 1853 *. 



It will not be necessary to dwell upon the geological features of 

 the Carboniferous rocks of the district, as I could only repeat those 

 details that have been made known in the report and papers above 

 referred to. It will suffice for my present purpose to mention that 

 the fossils occur in several beds differing mineralogically, some being 

 crj-stalhne and very liard, and others argillaceous : a few of the fossils 

 occur in a mognesiaii limestone ; but the same bed maj^ be magnesian 

 in one locality, and at a few miles distance be purely calcareous. 

 Thus Dr. Fleming separates the Carboniferous rocks of the Salt- 

 range into three divisions : — 



c. tpper Limestone. Brachiopoda and other fossils occur through- 

 out the formation. 

 h. Grey sandstone and shales, in which but few fossils have been 



found. 

 a. Lower Limestone, with calcareous sandstone. This limestone 

 generally abounds in large Brachiojioda and other fossils. 

 It is also necessary- to mention that the richest localities for Carboni- 

 ferous fossils were Moosakhail, in the Salt-range proper, and Kafir 

 Kote on the east bank of the Indus at about twenty-five miles below 

 Kalabag, where the western prolongation of the Salt-range stretches 

 down to the very bank of the Indus ; and Dr. Fleming informs me, 

 moreover, that from these two localities the larger number of his 

 fossils were procured, though of course they may also be found at 

 intervening localities, such as Chederoo, Vurcha, Nidle, &c. Dr. 

 Fleming assures me, likewise, that he is quite convinced that all the 

 species about to be enumerated were derived from rocks of the Car- 



* The following arc the species identified by M. Dc Vcrncuil and myself in 

 18.33: — Afh>/ris Jiot/ssi?', a Sjnrifrra nearly related to S. liiuata, Sfrcpforhynchm 

 CrcnibtriOt rrodnctus Cora, P. FUmrnf/ii, 1\ costaius, and 1\ Ilumholdtii, 



