1862.] DAWKINS HYiENA-DEN. 117 



had evidently been chipped by human agency, and a water-worn 

 fragment of a belemnite, which probably had been derived from the 

 neighbouring Marlstone- series. Bones and teeth of Rhinoceros 

 ticliorliinus, Cervus Bueklandi, of other species of Deer, Irish Elk, 

 Mammoth, Hymna, Ursus spelceus, "Wolf, Fox, and Horse, rewarded 

 our labours ; and at the mouth of the cave, and cemented together 

 by stalagmite, were frogs' remains. Remains of Felis spelcea also 

 were found at the time of the discovery of the cave, and are at 

 present in the Museum of the Somerset Archaeological Society. The 

 teeth preponderated greatly over the bones, and the great bulk were 

 those of the Horse. The Hyaena-teeth also were very numerous, 

 and in all stages of growth, from the young unworn to the old tooth 

 worn down to the very gums. Those of the Elephant had belonged 

 to a young animal, and one had not been used at all. The hollow 

 bones were completely smashed and splintered, and scored with 

 tooth-marks, while the solid carpal, tarsal, and sesamoid bones were 

 uninjui-ed, as in the case of the Kirkdale Cave. The organic remains 

 were in all stages of decay, some crumbling to dust at the touch, 

 while others were perfectly preserved and had lost very little of 

 their gelatine. 



In 1860 we resumed our excavations; and, in addition to the 

 above remains, found satisfactory evidence of the former presence of 

 Man in the cave. One white flint spear-head, of rude workmanship 

 (figs. 2-5), one chert arrow-head, a roughly chipped piece of chert, a 

 round flattened piece of chert, together with various splinters of 

 flint, which had apparently been knocked off in the manufacture of 

 some implement, rewarded our search. Two rudely fashioned bone 

 arrow-heads were also found, which unfortunately have since dis- 

 appeared ; they resembled in shape an equilateral triangle with the 

 angles at the base bevelled off. All were found in and around the 

 same spot, between the dark bands of manganese, in contact with 

 some Hyaena-teeth, at a depth of 4 feet from the roof, and at a 

 distance of 12 feet from the present entrance. 



That there might be no mistake about the accuracy of the observa- 

 tions, I examined every shovelful of debris as it was thrown out by 

 the workmen ; while the exact spot where they were excavating was 

 watched by Mr. Williamson. The white flint spear-head was picked 

 out of the undisturbed matrix by him ; the remainder of the imple- 

 ments were found by me in the earth thrown out from the same 

 place. Thus there can be no doubt as to their exact position ; and 

 error of observation is rendered very improbable. Two of the speci- 

 mens are similar in workmanship and general outline, though not in 

 size, with two of the typical forms found at Amiens and Abbeville, 

 which Evans terms respectively spear-heads and sling-stones. The 

 spear-head is of white flint (figs. 2-5) : in outline, size, and workman- 

 ship it resembles a beautiful semitransparent quartz-rock specimen 

 from the burial-mounds of North America, in the possession of Dr. 

 Acland. The bone arrow-heads resembled most strongly in size and 

 outline a flint arrow-head, also from the burial-mounds of ISTorth 



