208 PROCEEDmGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Mar. 19, 



In Gill Beck, a small brook N.W. of Great Ormside, deposits 

 appertaining to the Carboniferous rocks occur. Below these, in the 

 brook, breccias are seen, succeeded by red sandstones, having an 

 E.N.E. dip at 10°, inclining towards the Eden. East of this river, 

 and west of the Appleby road, ridges of sand occur, as seen in the 

 cutting of the Eden Valley Railway, resulting from soft decom- 

 posing sandstones. At Coupland Mill, immediately east of the high 

 road, in the course of the stream, red false-bedded flaggy sandstones 

 manifest themselves. These have a dip and nature similar to the 

 flaggy beds which are wrought near Penrith. Ealse bedding gives 

 to these sandstones an apparent W.N.W. inclination, but the true 

 dip is E.N.E. at a low angle. 



East from Coupland MiU is an extensive moor, called Brackenbar, 

 along the western and northern margin of which a stream, called 

 Hilton Beck, flows. This stream exposes a beautiful section of the 

 higher beds of the inferior sandstones and breccias. Above the 

 false-bedded sandstones of Coupland Mill, a thick mass of soft deep- 

 red-coloured sandy beds is seen. These are also greatly false- 

 bedded, and have upon them strata of a harder nature, in which 

 yellow breccias make their appearance in great profusion, conforming 

 to the low E.N.E. dip of the sandstones. 



These breccias occur under the same circumstances as those seen 

 in the Bela Water ; but they are rarely so thick as those of the latter, 

 and the interstratified sandstones are usually less false-bedded. In 

 their higher beds these sandstones become lighter in colour, and are 

 conformably succeeded by some very interesting strata. These 

 latter consist of cream-coloured, thin-bedded, arenaceous layers, with 

 thin, grey, shaly strata; and a few thin beds of limestone, well 

 marked by their distinct jointings ; the limestone is of a brownish 

 colour in its interior, but weathers yellow. The strata, although well 

 seen in the brook- course, are better exposed on the face of a small 

 clifl* seen below the Appleby guide-post on the south side of the 

 stream. These yellow, thin-bedded strata have a thickness of about 

 20 feet. They have a remarkable resemblance to the marl-slate of 

 Midderidge, Durham, and they afford fossils. 



The brook-course shows the following conformable succession above 

 the yellow beds: — 1st, very regular, thin-bedded, red sandstones, about 

 50 feet thick ; 2nd, grey shale, imperfectly seen, having a thickness 

 not exceeding 3 feet ; 3rd, thin-bedded, soft, dark-red sandstones, 

 6 feet ; 4th, a thin-bedded, compact, brownish-grey limestone, with 

 drusy cavities filled with small crystals of calc-spar. The hmestone 

 becomes darker in colour, and semicrystaUine in its upper layers ; 

 and papery bands of black shale separate the strata. This limestone, 

 which afibrded no trace of fossils, does not appear to exceed 7 feet 

 in thickness. 



A series of red clays overlies conformably the limestone. The thick- 

 ness of this, which is probably 80 feet, cannot be exactly made out, 

 as debris masks the junction of this clay with the upper sandstones. 

 These latter, with associated clay-beds, form the bed of the brook to 

 beyond the village of Hilton, and they also dip E.N. E. at 10°. 



