1862.] HAEKNESS PEEMIAN STEATA. 211 



Petterill, about half a mile below JS'ewton ; and there is reason for 

 inferring that the red sandstone does not extend further than a mile 

 west of Penrith. East of this place the sandstone is amply developed 

 on Penrith Beacon Hill. Soft sandstones, nearly in the condition of 

 sand, form the lowest beds here. Harder rocks succeed these, having 

 a false-bedded and flaggy nature, the false bedding inclining west- 

 ward, and the beds having sometimes a light colour. 



The same rocks occur at Cowrigg quarry, about a mile and a half 

 E. from Penrith. Soft beds again succeed these, as seen on crossing 

 over the Beacon Hill ; and at Snittersgill, a mile and a half below 

 Langwathby Bridge, on the west side of the Eden, the higher beds 

 of the inferior sandstones occur with a false-bedded W. dip. On 

 the east side of the river the ridge of the argillaceous strata is seen 

 striking N.N.W., the road from Langwathby to Hartside crossing 

 this between the village and Whinskill Bridge, where the upper 

 sandstones make their appearance with an E.N.E. dip at 10°. These 

 continue to beyond Melmerby, and are well seen in the Rake Beck, 

 three-quarters of a mile E. from this, where they come abruptly 

 against a mass of trap occupying the line of the Penine fault. East 

 of this, Lower Silurian rocks, overlain by Old Red Sandstones, passing 

 upward to the Carboniferous series, occur. The rocks here have been 

 alluded to by Dr. Bucldand*. 



The section from Penrith to Hartside, with the exception of the 

 traps, has a great affinity to that from Great Ormside to Roman- 

 fell. In the former, however, there is a greater development of the 

 inferior sandstones, and a total absence of the breccias, which are so 

 abundant in the latter. The Jlaggy strata which occur between the 

 soft sandstones are much more extensive in the former than in the 

 latter, and equal the total thickness of the inferior sandstones as 

 seen between Great Ormside and the plant-beds. Measured along 

 the dip, which averages 10°, the lower sandstones of the Penrith 

 section extend more than five miles; and from this it would appear 

 that the total thickness of this portion of the rocks here would be 

 nearly 5000 feet. 



§ 6. North from the line of the last section, numerous exhibitions 

 of rocks appertaining to all the three groups are seen. The lower 

 sandstones form the ridges which occur on the east of the Lancaster 

 and Carlisle Railway, and are extensively marked on Bowscar and 

 at Brownrigg in Plumton, where, in a quarry affording flags remark- 

 ably like those of Corncockle and Dumfries, footprints similar to 

 those of the Scotch localities have been found. 



Impressions of the same nature have been also noticed by Mr. 

 Binney and the author on the flaggy beds near Penrith, but these 

 are not so distinct as the impressions at Brownrigg. On Lazonby 

 Fell the same flaggy beds, with the false-bedded westerly dip, are also 

 very abundantly wrought, and, affording very superior flags, these 

 are often sent to great distances. 



East from this range of hiUs we have also, in the Valley of the 



* Geol. Trans. 2nd Series, vol. iv. p. 112. 



