1862. 



BOLTON ULYEESTON. 



275 



apparently to a land Hemipterous insect, and one as a portion of an 

 Orthopterous wing. Three nearly perfect specimens of Apterous 

 Hemiptera he referred to Cimex, or an allied genus. Microscopical 

 examination of this clay shows us the conditions under which it was 

 deposited*. It is seen to be chiefly composed of lacustrine Diato- 

 macecB, the facies of which point directly to a mountain-tarn as the 

 origin and support of their existences. The list of forms obtained 

 from it is nearly paralleled by those which Dr. Balfour and other 

 gatherers of Diatomacece have obtained from subfossil clay- and 

 peat-deposits in the Mull of Cantire and elsewhere. The genera 

 represented are Gomphonema, Trihunella, Epithemia, Surirella, 

 Cocconeis, Cyclotella, Pleurosigma, Campylodiscus, Navicula, Tetra- 

 cyclus, Odontidium, Cymatopleura , Cymhella, Stauroneis, Pinnularia, 

 Synedra, and Eunotia. These have been kindly determined for me 

 by Dr. Wallich, F.G.S. Siliceous spicules of freshwater Sponges 

 also occur in this deposit. 



Fig. 1. — Section of a Shaft at the Lindale Cote Mines, near Ulverston. 



a. Soil ; 3 feet. 



b. " Pinel" (Rubble) ; 10 feet. 



c. Gravel ; 12 feet. 



d. Black muck ; 16 feet. 



h. 



e. Clay bed with vegetable matter and 



Insect-remains ; 6 feet. 

 /. Black muck ; 14 feet. 

 cf. Limestone ; 12 feet. 

 Water-way. 



The length of the water-way driven from the mines to the tarn is 

 a mile and a quarter ; and in the portion tunnelled twelve vertical 

 shafts were sunk at convenient distances — nine in the bare Mountain- 

 limestone at the lower end of the adit, and the remaining three 

 through the overlying Drift, which at No. 10 shaft was thirty feet 



* To Miss E. Hodgson, of Ulverston, is due the credit of examining this de- 

 posit for Diatomacccs, and mounting the specimens that are here referred to. 



