430 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [JuilG 18, 



found in marvellous profusion — so much so, that on one flag of some 

 three feet in length and two feet in breadth I have counted as many 

 as thirty entire fishes, and these, being of a deep-bright black, afford 

 a most striking contrast to the clear light-yellow ground on which 

 they are laid down. The rocks here dip in a direction a little south 

 of south-east, at an angle of about 8° or 10° : although but small 

 space is interposed between them and the overlying Coal-measures, 

 they are not found exposed in absolute contact ; but, by taking the 

 common dip and inclination of these formations, and their general 

 relations, it is quite evident that the Carboniferous formations overlie 

 the Dura Den sandstones conformably. In the quarries of whitish 

 Carboniferous sandstone at Kemback Hill, and also in the overlying 

 limestone of Lediddo, the dip is found to correspond very closely with 

 that of the Dura Den sandstones. To the north, at the opening of 

 the Den, the second member of this series is found in a quarry now 

 long unwrought — a deep-red sandstone, solid-bedded, a good deal 

 fractured, and pretty fuU of IIoloj)ti/ehius-8Gales. The junction of 

 these red beds with the overlying yeUow sandstones is not seen, the 

 rock, where this should take place, being deeply buried under the 

 alluvium of the Eden. The dip here is also a little south of south- 

 east, at an angle of about 12°, corresponding so nearly with that of 

 the yellow sandstones as to preclude any idea of want of conformity. 

 Stni northward, at the turnpike-road, the third member, the conglo- 

 merate, is found ; but, as it is here but little exposed, I could not 

 positively ascertain its inclination: about three miles to the west, how- 

 ever, a similar conglomerate is exposed in the Lady Burn, at Cupar, 

 and here the dip is clearly towards the south-east, at an angle of about 

 15°. We have thus, although with no continuous section, the rocks 

 exposed at small distances, and consisting, as already stated, from 

 below, first, of a reddish pebbly conglomerate, second, a red sandstone 

 with IIoloptychius-SGales, and third, the yellow sandstones of Dura 

 Den, with their included fish-bed ; and these again are overlaid by 

 the Carboniferous whitish sandstone of Kemback Hill, full of Lejpido- 

 dendra, SpJienopteris, &c., all dipping a little south of south-east, and 

 at nearly equal angles of inclination. 



Again, some twelve miles to the south-west, we find, at the village 

 of Falkland, the yellow sandstones similar to those of Dura Den, 

 dipping towards the south-east at angles of from 12° to 14°. To the 

 south, in the Lomonds, the Mountain-limestone is largely developed, 

 having a similar dip and inclination. At Strathmiglo, lying to the 

 north-west of Falkland, the red sandstones are largely wrought, and 

 are fuU of Holo^tychius-SGales, and here also dip toward the south- 

 east with an inclination of from 13° to 15°. Indeed, the junction of 

 the red and yellow sandstones was exposed in a drain quite near to the 

 public road when, in company with Mr. Page, I visited this locality 

 last summer. The conglomerate is found not far from Auchter- 

 muchty ; its inclination here, however, I am not at present able to 

 give correctly. Thus, a similar series to that at Dura Den is found 

 here also, and seemingly conformable. 



Besides these, in many localities all the way from where the con- 



