4 GEOLOGICAL MEMOIRS. 



upper and lower portion. The latter is chiefly arenaceous, not 

 always cupriferous, but locally saliferous and gypsiferous, and often 

 rich with fossil plants, especially in the Government of Orenburg, 

 where also the well-known Reptilian remains occur — Rhopalodon 

 (2 spp.), Deuterosaurus, and Zygosaurus. The upper portion contains 

 calcareous beds always cupriferous (pp. 28-31). 



The 5th Livraison (1859), pp. 271-748, commences the Orycto- 

 zoologie, or description of the animals of the Periode ancienne. 

 Pages 271-323 contain some general remarks on the palaeozoic fauna, 

 and special introductions to the fossil animals of the three great divi- 

 sions of the palaeozoic age. Pages 325-748, the 6th Livr. (1859), 

 pp. 749-1004, the 7th Livr. (1860), pp. 1005-1532, and pp. 1533- 

 1635 of Livr. viii. (1861) are occupied by systematic descriptions of 

 the AmorpTiozoa, RJiizopoda, Bryozoa, Corallia, Crinoidea, Gystidea, 

 Echinidea, Asteriadea, Opliiuridea, A^melida, Brachioj)oda, Acephala, 

 Ptero^oda, Protopoda, Heteropoda, Gasteropoda, Cephalopoda, Ostra- 

 copoda, Poecilopoda, Copepoda, Xiphosura, Isopoda, Trilobita, Pisces 

 (Placodennata, Gephalaspidea, Ctenodipterina, Saurodipterina, Den- 

 drodonta, Olyptolepida, Holoptycliida, Gheirolepida, Saurdidina, Le- 

 piddidina, Pycnodonta, Squalidma, Baiidina), and Beptilia. 



The 8th Livraison contains moreover a general Index to the volume, 

 a list of Errata, Title-pages, Table of Contents, and a Preface, in 

 which the author states that most of his palaeontological researches, 

 of which the results are given in the ' Lethaea Rossica,' were made 

 before the great geological explorations undertaken at the cost of 

 the Imperial Government by A. von Humboldt, G. Eose, and Ehren- 

 berg, in 1829, and by Murchison, de Yerneuil, and von Keyserling, 

 assisted by A. von Meyendorff, Blasius, and Kokscharoff, in 1840 

 and 1841 ; and he especially refers the reader to the literature of 

 the subject. 



Volume III., forming a livraison dated 1853 (1855 on the cover), 

 treats of the Eussian fossils of the Berniere Periode ou la Periode nou- 

 velle, comprising the Tertiary and Diluvian strata, a general notice of 

 which, and of their fauna and flora, is given in the Introduction 

 (pp. vii-xix). Eeferring to the fossil Bison, the author gives a short 

 account of the still existing Bisons of Lithuania (pp. xvi-xix). A 

 resume follows the descriptions of each great group of the fossil 

 animals ; and a synoptical table (pp. 413-422) of the fossil Inver- 

 tehrata indicates their geographical distribution. The fossil plants 

 of the Tertiary and Diluvian periods are treated of in pp. 423-442 ; 

 they belong to the Ahietinece (8 species), Cupressinece (3 species), 

 Salicinece (1 species), Betulacece (1 species), Juglandece (2 species), 

 and Cupuliferce (4 species). 



A general resumS of the Tertiary, Diluvian, and Alluvian deposits 

 of the Eussian Empire follows at pp. 443-518 ; and among other 

 interesting subjects, the author treats of the .A.mber and its fauna 

 and flora (pp. 464-472), of the Glacial and Erratic phenomena (pp. 

 472-487), and of the Black Soil or Tschernozem (pp. 488-509.) 



[T. E. J.] 



