ERAKDT MASTODON IN SOUTH RTTSSIA. 15 



number of the ribs remaining nearly perfect indicated, as a general 

 rule, that all those which lay obliquely were, for the most part, in a 

 tolerably good state of preservation. The majority of these appeared 

 more or less dislocated, with the exception of the posterior ribs of the 

 left side, which were only slightly displaced. The gTeater part of 

 the left shoulder-blade was preserved. The right humerus, greatly 

 displaced from its natural position, and lying close upon the vertebral 

 column, is more entire than the left, which is, in connexion with the 

 bones of the fore arm, crushed outwards. The figures, however, 

 represent only a part, although certainly the chief portion, of the 

 original depot of the bones of the Woskressensk skeleton, — to wit, 

 those which M. Brandt and his colleagues had been able to observe 

 in their natural position. Before their arrival, several detached 

 bones or fragments were found, lying scattered close to the excava- 

 tion of the principal remains, and belonging chiefly to the extremi- 

 ties ; these fragments were separately preserved, and presented to 

 the Commission on their arrival. Moreover, the lower end of the 

 right scapula had been sent to Odessa, to the Governor-General 

 Count Strogonow, from whom they subsequently received it. 

 . The bones in question are evidently a part of the imperfect remains 

 of the bones of the extremities, which, as stated in the preceding re- 

 port, had been discovered a few years ago. They lay in a superficial 

 stratum of earth ; so that the figured part of the remains, such as the 

 lower portion of the head and the greater part of the trunk, parti- 

 cularly the anterior and middle portions, lay at a lower level, and 

 were covered by a somewhat deeper layer of soil. Prom this dispo- 

 sition of the remains, it is intelligible how the displacements of the 

 bones and the destruction of the skull took place. 



The close study of the remains places it beyond doubt that they 

 belong to an Elephantine form ; and further, from the mammillated 

 crowns of the molars as well as the lower jaw, that they are of a 

 Mastodon. From the drawings which were in the first instance sent 

 here, says M. Brandt, I was disposed to ascribe them to Mastodon an- 

 gustidens, Cuv., e.jp. Mast, angustidens, Owen (Brit. Poss. Mamm. 

 p. 271), Blainville (Osteogr. Gravigrades) = ilf«s^oc^n arvernensisj 

 Croizet et Jobert (Ossem. Poss. d. Puy d. I)ome)= Mastodon longi- 

 Tostris, Kaup (Ossem. Poss. d. Darmstadt, p. 65)=: Mastodon Cuvieri, 

 Pomel (Bullet, geolog. 1848, p. 257). A closer but in nowise satis- 

 factory study of the involved and tangled synonymy of the Masto- 

 dons led me, however, to abandon the earlier opinion formed from 

 the drawings, in consequence of the diff'erent form of the crowns of 

 the molars, as also the exceedingly short, straight symphysial pro- 

 cess of the lower jaw. Mastodon angustidens, Cuv. (magna, e.p.), 

 Owen {= Mastodon longirostris, Kaup), possesses a very prolonged 

 and deflected symphysial process, half as long as the entire length of 

 the lower jaw, with moderately stout tusks, while the crowns of the 

 molars are characterized by the circumstance of constantly present- 

 ing in the unworn state a small and accessory outlying tubercle 

 interposed between each pair of the strongly compressed principal 

 tubercles on their broader surfaces. 



