28 GEOLOGICAL MEMOIRS. 



TTie Ground beneath Vienna ; its Origin, its Nature, and its Relation 

 to the Public Health. By E. Suess. With 21 Woodcuts and 

 a Chromolitliograph Map. Pp. 326. 8vo. 1862, Vienna. 



[Der Boden der Stadt Wien, nach seiner Bildungsweise, Beschaffenheit und 

 seiner ^Beziehungen zum biirgerlichen Leben. Eine geologische Studie von 

 Eduard Suess, &c.] 



The first part of this work notices the most important publications 

 on the geology of Vienna, such as those by Stiitz, Jacquin, Partsch, 

 Czjzek, Kopetzky, Stur, and others, including also the works pub- 

 lished by the " Friends of Natural Science," the " Geological Insti- 

 tute," &c. It further treats of the position of Vienna, and its rela- 

 tion to the Alps and Carpathians, — of the form of the ground within 

 those lines, — and of the distribution of the water- channels on the 

 surface. The changes of direction that the streams have undergone 

 in historic times are likewise here noticed. 



The second division shows the distribution of the several strata, 

 Tertiary, Diluvial, and Alluvial, and contains remarks on their fossils 

 and mode of formation. 



Of the Tertiary formations, the marine group, the brackish- water 

 group, the Inzersdorf clay, and the Belvedere beds are specially no- 

 ticed. The Loess and the erratic gravels constitute the " Diluvial." 



In this part also are noticed the most important changes which 

 have been brought about in the upper strata by the agency of man, 

 producing " made ground." 



Lastly, the nature and formation of the building-materials in 

 Vienna are treated of, — namely, sand, limestone, tile-clay, Vienna 

 sandstone, the building- stones from the marine tertiaries (which 

 are the best), and those from the brackish tertiaries. 



The third part contains a sketch of the geological topography of 

 the city, describing the distribution of the several beds in Vienna : 

 first, more especially, those of the alluvial plain of the Danube ; then 

 those of the inner town ; lastly, those of the higher-lying suburbs, 

 rom Nussdorf to Erdberg. 



The fourth part is devoted to the discussion of all those phenomena 

 which have immediate reference to the health and the vital statistics 

 of the city, especially the practical bearings of an accurate knowledge 

 of the distribution and nature of the subterranean water ; and here 

 the author describes the water-bearing strata, the springs of the 

 Circle of the Danube, the waters of the High district, and the springs 

 in the clay ; and he concludes with remarks on the cholera of 1855, &c. 



The map of Vienna and its suburbs is contoured with lines giving 

 the height above the sea of the surface of the ground in Vienna 

 fathoms (two fathoms apart), and of the height, above the sea-level, 

 of the surface of the tile- clay or Tegel (four fathoms apart). The 

 relative " hardness " of the water in the weUs in the Rossau and the 

 Leopoldstadt is also shown by contour-lines. The colours of the 

 map indicate the following formations: — 1. Made ground and ruins ; 

 2. AUuvium ; 3. Loess ; 4. Diluvial gravel ; 5. Belvedere beds ; 6. 

 Tegel with Oongeria. The Brackish Tertiary formation (Cerithium- 

 sand) is also indicated ; and the places of the old diggings in the 

 Belvedere gravel and in the Tegel are marked out. [T. B. J.] 



