REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR I915 43 



percentage of side injury caused by the young codling moth larvae 

 entering the smooth surface of the fruit and then, in many 

 instances, migrating to the blossom end. This characteristic and 

 heretofore almost ignored blemish affected 20 per cent or more 

 of the yield in many orchards. The data obtained in this work 

 emphasize the great importance of the spraying given just after the 

 blossoms fall, and also the advisability in sections where this 

 injury is prevalent, of making annual applications whether the 

 trees be fruiting or not, and show, furthermore, that the second 

 spraying ordinarily advised for the codling moth, namely, the one 

 made ten days to two weeks after the first, would probably be more 

 effective in reducing this side injury if it were made the latter part 

 of June. The general prevalence of apple scab in this section amply 

 justifies three sprayings after the blossoms drop, even though the 

 latter two are not necessary for the control of insect pests. A 

 detailed account of this work is given in the Entomologist's report. 



Leaf roller. Investigations made in connection with the above- 

 named codling moth work showed this insect to be generally dis- 

 tributed and frequently very abundant in apple orchards of western 

 New York. Furthermore, the data obtained when classifying the 

 fruit for codling moth work indicated very little reduction in leaf 

 roller injury as a result of any of the poisoned applications made 

 after the blossoms fall. This species is much less injurious in the 

 Hudson valley. 



Green fruit worm. This characteristic leaf and small fruit 

 eater, as shown by investigations made in connection with the 

 codling moth work, was somewhat more abundant in western New 

 York and less so in the Hudson valley orchards, the damage 

 apparently not equalling that caused by the leaf rollers. 



San Jose scale has been less abundant in some Hudson valley 

 orchards than in earlier years, though this does not appear to be 

 equally true of the western part of the State. Examinations in 

 several infested and unsprayed orchards in the town of Schodack, 

 showed a decrease in the infestation compared with that of two 

 years ago. The reduction was probably attributable in large 

 measure to the activities of various small parasites. The condition 

 of most of these infested trees, however, is not entirely satisfactory 

 and although the damage resulting from scale infestation is much 

 less, it is not considered that this justifies the abandonment of 

 dormant applications for the control of the pest. 



The apple maggot, generally known ' in New England as the 

 railroad worm, has become locally abundant in some fruit-grow- 



