1/8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



When ice still filled the Champlain valley as far south as Street 

 road (Ticonderoga quadrangle), which is about 5 miles south of 

 Crown Point village, a tongue pushed southward through the defile 

 between Buck and Dibble mountains (here called the " V'ineyard 

 pass "), leaving Dibble mountain projecting as a nunatak (map i). 

 Beside and around this tongue swept the marginal stream from 

 a chain of marginal lakes to the north. Where it debouched 

 from this defile into the lake covering the Ticonderoga plain it 

 deposited a large kame terrace of gravels between Buck mountain 

 to the right and the ice mass in the main valley to the left. This 

 constitutes the Sawyer Hill moraine already described on page 12. 

 The defile, likewise, is choked with boulder moraines and gravel 

 deposits, which contain kames and kettle-holes left where detached 

 ice blocks melted out. 



A line inclined at the estimated rate of tilting to the northward, 

 if drawn through two of the highest beaches found between Port 

 Kent and Sawyer's hill at Street road ^ on the New York side of 

 Lake Champlain, will pass through the region of the Crown Point 

 embayment at approximately 520 feet altitude. Evidence of water 

 standing at this altitude is afforded by the shore line at 500-520 feet 

 described above in connection with the Buck Mountain moraine, 

 and also by the terrace cut into the side of the Russell Street road 

 moraine at 520 feet. Further evidence is afforded by deposits of 

 light sandy loams that occur in the southwestern part of the 

 embayment up to an altitude of 560 feet. 



On the western side of Breed hill occurs fine sandy loam at an 

 altitude of 565 feet (A. T.) in the vicinity of a sugar-house on the 

 farm of Charles Townsend, and thence southward for some dis- 

 tance. In the woods above the road east of his residence, the shore 

 line itself can be discerned at 520 feet (United States Geological 

 Survey map), and a soil sample taken there showed fine sand. This 

 locality appears to be at the same elevation as truncated knolls and 

 flat-topped hills of the same soil type that lie a little farther west 

 and southwest where the area converges to the Vineyard pass. The 

 intervening valleys are due to recent dissection. These cuts reveal 

 an underlying till sheet of blue clay where recently exposed, or 

 heavy brown oxidized clay where it has weathered. The clay is 

 overlaid with a covering of light sandy loam. 



1 Woodworth, J. B., 1905, p. 191, pi. 28, line A-B. 



