REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR I915 187 



having been formed in an open body of water. As proof of this, 

 he states that they are found along definitely correlated lines extend- 

 ing the whole length of the valley on both the New York and 

 Vermont sides. They are strongly developed at the extreme north 

 end of the valley in the Dannemora quadrangle. 



No evidence of a decisive nature has been observed about Crown 

 Point by the writer relative to whether these shore lines were 

 formed in a glacial lake or in a marine inlet. The shore lines here, 

 however, lie at definite intervals apart; they are found at just the 

 altitude expected at this latitude according to the tilted planes 

 postulated by Woodworth. They are strongly developed, even the 

 highest ones at over 500 feet located at the bases of Bulwagga and 

 Buck mountains. They all appear to have been formed along the 

 margins of large bodies of water where the waves had an uninter- 

 rupted sweep across long, open stretches. 



Still earlier than open-water conditions, however, marginal lake 

 conditions may well have prevailed in the western and southern 

 parts of the embayment. .There is good evidence for this. About 

 the White Church and to the south occur sandy loam deposits up to 

 600 feet. At the base of Buck mountain occurs the marginal 

 scourway at 560 to 580 feet (on United States Geological Survey 

 map) that has been described above. This marginal drainage con- 

 tinued southward through the Vineyard pass and formed the 

 Sawyer hill marginal moraine with a top at'an altitude of 540 feet. 

 The evidence shows that without doubt this moraine was formed 

 against the side of the ice mass that elsewhere choked the valley. 

 Large masses of ice buried in this moraine melted out and left 

 kettle-holes of indisputable character. The fact that these kettle- 

 holes have never been filled in by wash which wave action would 

 have drifted into them is taken by Woodworth to mean that the 

 postglacial waters never stood here above 540 feet, the altitude 

 of their rims, since the retreat of the ice (Woodworth, 1905, 

 p. 155). The highest stand of the open waters at this locality is 

 probably marked by the faint shore line (at 487.5 feet A. T.) just 

 below where the road passes over the edge of the flat terrace. 



The Gillette morainic knoll on the South road was evidently a part 

 originally of the line of low morainic hills behind Crown Point 

 Center. Had it been formed separately at an earlier time we should 

 find the 450 foot shore line that skirts its southern base continued 

 around the northern side. Such is not the case. It was continuous 

 with the rest of the moraine to the north and stood in an open 



