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p. 7) to the effect that Dickson's type-specimen is J. capitata Hook. 

 (1813-16), and that Dickson's specific name published in 1793 

 takes precedence of Hooker's. But two years later Spruce pointed 

 out \J<ntni. Bot. 1881, p. 38) that there is little doubt that Dickson's 

 original specimen consisted of J. Men nata, J. capitata, and a small 

 form of J. ventricosa, which often occur intermixed ; and that 

 Dickson's description would fit any of the three ; and that Dickson's 

 figure is almost certainly J. bicrenata ; and, moreover, that the 

 older botanists rarely preserved the actual specimens which they 

 described or figured. Let us suppress Dickson's species, and give 



The synonymy given by Dr. Cooke for J. intermedia Lindenb. 

 (p. 186), and for J. bicrenata Schmid., differs from that of Lindberg 

 {Muse. Scand. p. 7). The grounds for maintaining Anthelia JUum 

 Dumort. as a species are insufficient. Bazzania Donniana Cooke 

 (p. 82) belongs to Spruce's Anastrophyllum — a subgenus of Junger- 

 mannia (Journ. Bot. 1876, p. 234); to this species Stephani 

 {Hedwigia, 1893, p. 140) refers J. gelida Tayl., which occurs as a 

 variety of J. alpestris Schleich. on p. 186 of Dr. Cooke's Handbook. 

 The literature of Plagiochila spinulosa Dumort. on p. 160 may be 

 supplemented by a reference to the remarks incidentally intro- 

 duced by Mitten into his paper on Japanese Muscineae in Trans. 

 Linn. Soc. hi. (1891), p. 194. 



As to Dr. Cooke's genera, those species, " with roundish entire 

 leaves," which Spruce (Hepat. Amas. et Andin. p. 506) regards as 

 typical members of Jungermannia, are separated off under ApUrdn 

 by Dr. Cooke, Jungermannia itself being occupied by "the cloven- 

 leaved species" which form Spruce's subgenus Lophozia. The 

 genus Jungermannia reconstituted on Spruce's very logical lines 

 would contain three subgenera — Eujungermannia (= Aplozia), 

 Lophozia, and Anastrophyllum (referred to above). In Eujunger- 

 mannia would be found J. hyaMna (Handbook, p. 230, under Nardia) 

 associated with its ally, J. crenulata (loc.cit. p. 167). Nardia Car- 

 ringtoni (loc. cit. p. 224) would take its place in the same subgenus 

 (c/. Spruce in Journ. Bot. 1876, pp. 201, 230, which reference Dr. 

 Cooke fails to cite). Aplozia lanceolata {Handbook, p. 169) is the 

 British representative of the proper genus Liochl*na. Pleurozia 

 cochleariformis {loc. cit. p. 77) is very unhappily placed in the sub- 

 tribe Trigonanthea ; a less unnatural position would be in the 

 subtribe Porelle*, or in a new subtribe of its own, following the 

 latter. 



It is very much to be regretted that Dr. Cooke has imported so 

 many generic and specific descriptions from Dumortier's Hepatic* 

 Europ*, the inaccuracy of which provoked a severe review from 

 Jack in Botanische Zeitung, 1877. He does indeed cite that review 

 in the Bibliography (p. 295), but has ignored the corrections 

 embodied in it, with the unfortunate result that his text is fre- 

 quently incorrect and inconsistent, besides being of Dumortieresque 

 brevity. Thus the elaters are constantly described as "naked." 

 On p. 18 Dr. Cooke says that the arrangement he has adopted is 

 based mainly upon that of the Hepatic* Amazonic* et Andin* (1884) 



