﻿190 THE GEOLOGY OF NYASALAKD. D^y 1 9*0.. 



1882. — An expedition (4) was sent out to study the resources of 

 Portuguese East Africa. Its members were chiefly occupied with 

 the district near Tete, from the coal-seams of which Prof.-Zeiller 

 identified eleven species of fossil ferns. 



1888. — Drummond (5) discovered the sedimentary beds with 

 Karroo fossils at Mpata, near Karonga. 



1890. — Prof. T. Rupert Jones (6) described the fossils obtained 

 by Drummond, and compared them with similar fossils from the 

 Karroo of Cape Colony. 



1896. — Moore (7) traversed the country, and touched on a few 

 points of its geology. 



1896. — Dr Eornhardt (8) investigated the geology of German 

 East Africa. He published a very interesting and detailed account 

 of his researches, giving some description of the one or two places 

 that he had examined in British territory, as, for example, Mount 

 Waller, Monkey Bay, and the Songwe River. 



1903.- — Henderson (9) gave a brief but interesting account of the 

 Mount Waller beds. 



1903. — From the examination of a number of specimens collected i 

 by the political officers resident in the Protectorate, Sir Thomas 

 Holland (10), basing his opinions on the similarity of these speci-j 

 mens to the rocks of India, gave an outline of his expectations inj 

 regard to the general geology of the country. 



1903-1906. — During these years many specimens which had' 

 been sent to the Imperial Institute (11) by residents in the Protec- 

 torate were examined, and the results published from time to time. 



1904. — Mr. Molyneux (12) investigated the geology of Southern. 

 Rhodesia, an area which in many respects resembles Nyasaland. 



1907. — Mr. Lamplugh (13) investigated the geology of the country 

 near the Victoria Falls, which, although about 800 miles away, also 

 resembles in some respects the JS T yasaland Protectorate. 



1907. — Mr. Wallace (14) published an account of JNorth-Easterii 

 Rhodesia, a country which marches side by side with Nyasaland for 

 a considerable distance. 



1908. — The two present authors were sent out to Nyasaland in 

 1906 b} r the Imperial Institute ; and the results of investigations 

 at that Institute of minerals collected by them, so far as these 

 investigations concerned minerals of economic importance, have 

 been published as official reports in the Colonial Office Series (15). 



1909. — Mr. Molyneux (16) published an account of the Karroo 

 formation in North-Eastern Rhodesia, in the Luangwa Valley, 

 about 400 miles distant from Nyasaland. His results, like those of 

 Bornhardt, are closely comparable with our own. 



In the preparation of the present paper we have been greatly 

 indebted to Mr. T. Crook, E.G.S., for the help which he has given 

 us in examining, at the Imperial Institute, the rock-specimens 

 collected during our stay in Nyasaland, and also to Mr. G. W. 

 Lamplugh, E.R.S., and to Dr. J. W. Evans, E.G.S., for putting us 

 in touch with the results of geological exploration in neighbouring 



