﻿554 ME. A. WILMOEE ON THE CAEBONIFEEOUS [Nov. 1 9 10, 



consequence, the stratification is much more evident, and it is 

 possible to make out the dips quite readily On the northern side, 

 between the. limestone and the Millstone Grit, the dark shales are 

 ;seen. They are quite normal Pendleside Beds, consisting of dark 

 shales and thin earthy limestones, containing such fossils as Posi- 

 donomya becheri and Pterinojoecten papyraceus. There is not a 

 continuous section visible ; but the limestone with abundant corals 

 and brachiopods is only a few yards away from the Pendleside 

 Beds, and the sequence seems to be a normal one. 



Between Skelterton and the little knoll called Carden is another 

 transverse stream, which provides some interesting sections, and 

 throws some light on the tectonics of the district. Beginning at 

 the north-western end of Skelterton, just where the small brook 

 (Threapland Gill) reaches the lane, there is weli-bedded limestone 

 dipping slightly west of north. Small corals (Caninia and Za- 

 phrentis) are seen in this limestone. A little farther up the hill 

 the beds have turned over, and dip nearly due south ; they are 

 evidently the same beds. After an interval of about 20 feet, black 

 shales make their appearance, associated with thin dark-blue 

 limestones of Pendleside type, the beds appearing quite regular in 

 succession : these shales dip south-south-eastwards. A little higher 

 up the black shales are seen dipping northwards again, and then 

 the limestones continue for some time. Evidently a roll in the 

 beds here shows a small syncline of probable Pendleside Beds. 



Some distance below the road are small exposures in the fields, 

 which show well-bedded limestone dipping at a high angle towards 

 the grit fells again. Hence there is still further folding. Here is 

 well exposed a breccia, which is often seen interbedded in the lime- 

 stones. Shells and crinoids are cemented together by a cement of 

 calcareous mud, which easily disintegrates and allows the shells 

 and other megascopic fossils to weather out. The shells include 

 most of the well-known Elbolton types. 



A little farther east, near a well-marked vein with abundant 

 calcite and some fluor, is more evidence of disturbance, and the 

 dips change again. Thus, here, as in the other cases, we have 

 abundant evidence of intense folding, in and near the well-known 

 knolls which are so marked a feature in this part of Wharfedale. 



Farther west from Skelterton the peculiar knoll character dies 

 out, while the shell-beds and crinoidal breccias diminish in thick- 

 ness, passing laterally into the black and 'blue-black' well-bedded 

 limestones described in the preceding section (p. 550). 



There are many exposures in the pastures situated between the 

 line of knolls already described and the obviously silted-up lake- 

 beds of Linton ; but they are very small and, the limestone being 

 of the coarsely-bedded character, it is not advisable to rely much 

 upon any dips such as may be with difficulty made out. On the 

 whole, there seems to be no difference in the fauna, the brachiopods, 

 gasteropods, and cephalopods which have been obtained being 

 exactly the same as those found in the knolls. 



