﻿Vol. 66. ,] LIMESTONE SOTJTH OE THE CRAVEN EAULT. 563 



much change in direction of both the main stream and its tribu- 

 taries, while the permeable limestones have been well adapted to 

 resist atmospheric denudation. 



(4) The Burusall and Appletreewick Exposures. 



It will not be necessary to treat this section at so great a length, 

 but rather to refer to it in amplification of the observations made 

 on the district just described. The limestone forms a well-defined 

 anticline with fairly consistent dips. 



The Burnsall exposures. — Near a lane leading from Hebden 

 to Hartlington, along the hill-slope which overlooks Burnsall across 

 the Wharfe, are three small quarries. In all these the same 

 general type of limestone is exposed. There are exposures in 

 the bed of the Wharfe not very far away, and also in the small gill 

 which enters the Wharfe near the Hebden Suspension Bridge. 



The upper beds in this district are much more coarsely bedded 

 than the lower ; in the latter, blue limestones with some thin 

 shales are well bedded. The beds exposed in the quarries men- 

 tioned above are the upper limestones, and yield all the fauna 

 of Elbolton and Swinden. I have visited two of these quarries 

 (which are occasionally worked for road-metal) many times, and 

 have thus succeeded in sifting a considerable amount of broken-up 

 material. I have been unable to detect any difference between the 

 general fauna of these beds and that of the knolls proper, as regards 

 either the corals, or the brachiopods, or the mollusca. Only occa- 

 sionally are the}^ as easy to extract; but at Swinden and Elbolton, 

 as already pointed out, fossils are sometimes difficult to extract. 



Among the commoner fossils I may quote fine specimens of 

 Productus martini with the long 'anterior skirt' excellently shown, 

 and also good specimens of Productus scabriculus and Pr. jjustulosus. 

 Cephalopods and gasteropods are quite common. 



There is more of the fine-grained evenly-bedded limestone, 

 however, at this locality than at either Elbolton or Swinden ; 

 but the same hummocky bedding is seen in the coarser upper beds, 

 involving the same difficulty in determining the dip. 



The general strike of the beds is the same as on the south side 

 of Elbolton, and it is quite clear that the River Wharfe has 

 cut through the anticline here. All the dips on each side of the 

 Wharfe, and in the patch of low country between Burnsall and Keal 

 Hill (Knoll), can be explained by assuming that the Wharfe has 

 here cut somewhat obliquely across a sharp anticline, the continua- 

 tion of the Elbolton anticline to the east. 



The Appletreewick exposures. — Here is another great 

 knoll, with the Wharfe flowing close to its southern side and the 

 River Dibb separating it from the knoll at Hartlington Raikes. 



Close to the New Inn, at Appletreewick, is well-bedded crinoidal 

 limestone, dipping steadily southwards. The strata are exactly 



