﻿Vol. 66.] SCHISTS OF THE SCOTTISH HIGHLANDS. 587 



Dr. Callaway was the first, however, to appreciate clearly that 

 this dislocation is of the nature of a gently inclined reversed fault. 

 He boldly applied the result of his observations, and in a section 

 drawn to illustrate the structure of the hillside above Loch Glen 

 Coul [2 i he showed a reversed fault bringing forward gneisses for 

 a distance of fully a mile over quartzites, fueoidbeds, and limestones 

 belonging to the Assynt Series. 



During the third year of Dr. Callaway's researches, 1882, Prof. 

 Lap worth [3 J attacked the North- West Highlands, fresh from his 

 victories in the Southern Uplands. In the latter district he had 

 elucidated a complex system of small-scale isoclinal folding and 

 reversed faulting, and now in the Durness-Eriboll area he found a 

 further development of similar structures on a larger scale. He 

 pointed out their essential similarity with those already recorded 

 by Rogers, Suess, Heim, and Brdgger in extra-British mountain 

 regions. The names here mentioned are representative, but 

 reference might equally well have been made to certain other 

 workers, such as Cornet, Briart, and Gosselet, who, a few years 

 previously, had published striking sections in illustration of the 

 structure of the over-ridden Franco-Belgian coalfield [4]. 



Dr. Peach and Dr. Home [5] began work in the North-West 

 Highlands in 1883 ; they confirmed and greatly extended the results 

 of Callaway and Lapworth, and were even able to show that one of 

 the thrust-masses has travelled from the south-east a distance 

 of more than 10 miles — how much more no man can say. Thus 

 the researches of Callaway, Lapworth, Peach, and Home raised 

 the subject of Highland structure into the realm of large-scale 

 tectonics. 1 



In Scandinavia, Dr. Tornebohm [7] obtained even more wonderful 

 results. As early as 1883 he had recognized thrusting as a 

 local phenomenon ; but the main step was taken in 1888, when he 

 adopted the conception of large-scale thrusting as a principle in 

 the explanation of the tectonics of the Swedish Highlands. In 1 896 

 he gathered together the results of his researches, which by this 

 time had received the powerful support of Prof. Hb'gbom [8], and 

 published a comprehensive account of the great thrust which 

 forms the eastern boundary of the highland range. Except in 

 regard to the direction along which movement has taken place, 

 this Scandinavian Thrust is essentially similar to the Moine Thrust 

 of Scotland ; but denudation happens to afford a fuller insight 

 into the displacement involved, for which the astounding minimum 

 of about 90 miles has been established. 



A brief account may now be given of contemporaneous develop- 

 ments in the study of Alpine regions — developments with which 

 the name of Marcel Bertrand [9] will for ever be associated. The 

 -career of this French savant runs strangely parallel with that of 



1 Thrusts ha\-e now been described on the south-eastern border of the High- 

 land mass by Mr. George Barrow [6]. 



Q. J. G. S. No. 264. 2 s 



