﻿Vol. 66.] ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT. lxi 



The next older stage is the Mousterian. Apart from a lower 

 jaw of doubtful age to be mentioned presently, it has afforded the 

 oldest-known skeletal remains of Man. The Neanderthal calotte 

 and other bones belong to it, the two skulls and fragmentary 

 skeletons from Spy, the remains of about a dozen individuals from 

 Krapina, the skull and other bones from La Chapelle-aux-Saintes, 

 another fragmentary skeleton from the lower cave of Le Moustier, 

 and in all probability the Gibraltar skull. The study of this rich 

 material has afforded very consistent results, and we are now able 

 to form a very definite picture of the bodily characteristics ol 

 Mousterian man. He was short in stature, 5 feet 3 inches in 

 height, but powerfully built and with a disproportionately large 

 head. His face was strangely unlike that of any human race with 

 which we are familiar. A retreating forehead rises out of a broad 

 depression bounded below by the massive frontal torus, which 

 bulges out in a continuous projection above the eyes and nose. The 

 nose, which is broad and large, passes into the glabellar region 

 with a gentle flexure, instead of encountering it abruptly : recalling 

 in this respect the apes rather than the Australians. The sides of 

 the nose are not so sharply defined from the cheeks as in ourselves, 

 but lie almost in the same plane, thus producing a singular snout-like 

 projection. The orbits are large and round. The upper lip is long, 

 and this, together with the long nose, gives an unusual length to 

 the whole face. The massive lower jaw is without a chin. Pro- 

 gnathism exists to a various extent ; sometimes it is very marked, 

 at others almost absent. A similar wide range of variation in this 

 respect is to be observed among the native Australians. 



The glabella-inion line on which such a mighty superstructure of 

 measurements has been based proves now to be of only slight 

 morphological value ; in the case of the Neanderthal calotte it has 

 led to a very erroneous estimate of the total height of the complete 

 skull, and consequently of the cranial capacity. Prof. Boule finds 

 by direct measurement of the skull from La Chapelle-aux-Saintes 

 a capacity of 1600 c.c. 1 ; and, since the Neanderthal calotte 

 completely agrees in form and dimensions with the corresponding- 

 part of this skull, a similar capacity is to be inferred from it. 

 Prof. Fraipont, as Dr. Boule informs me, has long been of opinion 

 that the capacity of the skulls from Spy approaches 1700 c.c. 



The Mousterian skulls are the oldest human skulls of which we 

 have any knowledge; but, just as in the case of the Magdalcnian 



C. K. Acatl. Sci. Paris, vol. cxlviii (1909) p. 1354. 



