﻿Yol. 66.] 



ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT. 



lxvii 



spines, but of these, as in the higher apes, there is no trace. 

 It has been rashly inferred in other cases that the absence of 

 these spines is connected with an imperfectly developed power of 

 speech. How little foundation there is for this is shown by the 



Fig. 4. — Sagittal section through the symphyses of the lower jaiv of 

 Mauer (thick line), an Australian aborigine (thin line), and a 

 Chimpanzee (broken line). Natural size. 



fact that they are not infrequently absent from the jaw of the 

 Bushmen, a people no whit less talkative than the rest of man- 

 kind, and capable of conversing in English or other languages 

 widely different from their own. 



The Heidelberg jaw, in some respects peculiar (fig. 5, p. lxviii), 

 in others simian, bears, as we have seen, a human dentition ; this,, 

 like the fact that the Mousterian skull, though distinguished by 

 many simian characters yet lodged a large human brain, is well 

 worth bearing in mind. 



No implements have been discovered in the bed of sand from which 

 the Heidelberg jaw was obtained, but it has furnished an interesting 

 fauna ; one of the species (Elephas antiquus) suggests the Chellean 

 horizon, another {Rhinoceros etruscus) has been found elsewhere in 

 the Upper Pliocene. 



Below the Pleistocene human remains are unknown. Fragments 

 of flint with chipped edges, supposed by some to be human artefacts, 

 are not uncommon, and are found as far back as the Oligocene. 

 If a tool-making animal were already in existence at this early 

 date, our attempts to frame a consistent hypothesis of the course 



