6 ME. E. T. NEWTON ON REMAINS OF [Feb. 1 899, 



are so low as to be almost under the centrum ; it was evidently far 

 back in the abdominal region. No. XII (PI. I, fig. 9) has the pro- 

 cesses near together below the ceutrum and directed downward, 

 showing that it belonged to the caudal region. The shortness of 

 No. XIII (PI. I, fig. 10), and the position of its neural and haemal 

 articular surfaces, seem to show that it is half of a double caudal 

 vertebra, and that it alone carried the neural and haemal arches. 



An isolated caudal vertebra in Mr. Colenutt's collection (PI. I, 

 fig. 18) is remarkable, not only for its proportionately great length, 

 but also for having three pairs of articular areas on the upper 

 surface, while there is only one elongated pair on the lower surface. 

 In the caudal region of Amia calva it sometimes happens that two 

 of the half-vertebrse coalesce, but then there is only one neural and 

 one haemal spine. It would be interesting, therefore, to know how 

 the three pairs of surfaces could be utilized. 



Mandible. — The only portion of a lower jaw preserved is a 

 fragment of a dentary bone, and this, so far as comparison is possible, 

 corresponds with the Hamstead specimen, but is a little smaller. 

 The bases of six teeth are seen, the hindermost being the largest, 

 and three of these measure 21 mm. 



Premaxillae. — A pair of almost perfect premaxillse (PL I, fig. 11) 

 show the bases of six teeth on the left side and of seven on the right ; 

 they are smaller than those of the mandible, three of the largest 

 measuring only 14 mm. Two of the anterior teeth are still in 

 place ; they are fixed to the jaw by inflated but compressed bases ; 

 their apices, however, are round, sharply pointed, and incurved ; 

 the length of each is about 10 mm., and the distal half is dark and 

 shining. The outer surface of these premaxillae is devoid of orna- 

 mentation ; the suture between the two is still to be seen, but they 

 seem to have been firmly attached to each other. The front part of 

 these combined bones is convex, but above the third tooth, on each 

 side, there is a deep depression with a foramen at jts upper part. 

 Directly above the median suture there is a deep indenture of the 

 upper margin. When viewed from below the two bones are seen 

 to be so nearly in one line as to form but a slight curve, thus 

 indicating a broad snout, which would agree with the form of the 

 maxilla in the Hamstead specimen. 



Bones of the Skull. — Portions of several strongly ornamented 

 bones are preserved which belong to the skull and gill-covers. One 

 or two fragments are pieces of the preoperculum, and others with 

 less rugose ornamentation are most likely parts of the clavicles. 

 Two fragments of highly ornamented bones are figured (PI. I, figs. 1 2 

 & 13), but none are perfect enough to show their form. 



Scales. — A single very imperfect scale was recovered with this 

 specimen (PI. I, fig. 14), but, although little more than an impression 

 on the matrix, it is sufficient to show a very close resemblance to 

 those of Amia calva. This scale is 18 mm. long, and 10 mm. wide at 

 its broadest part, which is towards the hinder end ; posteriorly it is 

 obtusely pointed, anteriorly narrowed and truncated. Only a small 

 part of the scale itself is left, but the impression of the outer surface 



