Yol. 55.] GEOLOGY OF THE GEEAT CENTRAL RAILWAY. 75 



There was a little Drift on the top of the chief cutting, yielding 

 fossils : A. capricornus, for iu stance. 



At several places much farther south, but more particularly 

 between 59 miles 60 chains and 60 miles 10 chains, east of Elecknoe, 

 were found numerous fossils identical in condition with, though 

 somewhat different in kind from those referred to above. I thought 

 that they came from a thin mass of Boulder Clay overlying the 

 Lower Lias, and probably they did ; but, since all the specimens 

 were so uniform in condition, it seemed likely that they had a near 

 and definite source. Cardinia Listeri was especially abundant, some 

 of the slabs of stone indeed were almost made up of it ; Pliola- 

 domya amhigua was rather common, as it was also near Willoughby; 

 Mippopodium ponderosum and Gryphcea were also found. 



In my endeavour to trace a fault which occurs near here (60 miles 

 9 chains, fig. 5, p. 76), I found an exposure of this Carclinia-hed 

 in the bank of a brook a little east of the railway at 60 miles 

 20 chains, and in such a position as to render it almost certain 

 that it is at least below the middle part of the Jamesoni-heds of the 

 district, and that it would be cut through in making the foun- 

 dations of the bridge at about 60 miles 27 chains. 



The section was approximately as follows : — 



Feet. 



1. Soil and ferruginous clay (no Drift) 2 to 3 



2. Yellowish argillaceous limestone, shaly, inconstant, 1 , 



passing into marl. Crowded with Cardinia in places... J 



3. Light-coloured marly clay, with i-eddish streaks in it, and I .-^ 



here and there roundish nodules J 



It seems highly probable that these beds represent the strata met 

 with north of Willoughby, their abnormal position here being due 

 to the fault (see fig. 5, p. 76). 



(g) Zone oi Ammonites pettos (middle Jamesoni-zone?). 



At the place where the fault occurs the cutting is some 20 feet 

 deep, and the fault hades northward at an angle of about 15° 

 (measured on the slope from the opposite bank). On the southern 

 or downthrow side of this was an extremely interesting deposit, 

 in several respects unlike any that I had found elsewhere, or seen 

 described. 



For the reasons stated at the commencement of this paper, I was 

 never able to examine the cutting itself well ; but, as the very 

 numerous nodules from it were unlike any found in other cuttings, 

 and as the clay itself was equally unmistakable, I have found it 

 possible to give a somewhat detailed account of the beds, though 

 the material examined was mostly from embankments between 58 

 miles 10 chains and 5S miles 55 chains ; also between 58 miles 70 

 chains and 59 miles 25 chains (see fig. 4). 



The dry clay is light blue, and abounds in Bhynchonella ; 

 thousands were to be found on its washed surface, though they 

 were nearly all crushed flat. 



