130 PKOF. T. T. GKOOM ON THE GEOLOGICAL [May 1 899, 



and other igneous rocks. Dr. Callaway/ on the other hand, regards 

 the former series as metamorphosed plutonic rocks, chiefly granite 

 and diorite, and compares them with the Archaean Series of Primrose 

 Hill in Shropshire. The same author ^ recognized the volcanic series 

 of the Herefordshire Eeacon, and correlated it with the Uriconian 

 rocks of Lilleshall Hill in Shropshire. The Herefordshire Beacon 

 rocks have subsequently been studied by Green,^ and by Messrs. 

 Kutley,^ Harker,' and Acland.^ 



During the past year the present writer '^ has maintained that 

 the Malvern and Abberley Hills are the basal wrecks of an old 

 mountain-range which arose during Coal Measure times. 



II. General Strfctuee oe the Area.^ 



The area which constitutes the subject of the present communi- 

 cation includes the southern end of the Malvern Eange, as formed 

 by Midsummer, HoUybush, Eaggedstone, and Chase End Hills, 

 together with the districts of Coal Hill, Pendock's Grove, White- 

 leaved Oak, Fowlet Farm, and Bronsill, which lie immediately west 

 of the range. This area is one of the most interesting in the 

 Malvern district, because here the upheaval of the Palseozoic strata 

 has been greater than elsewhere, and thus the Cambrian beds have 

 been brought within the sphere of denudation ; whereas, along the 

 rest of the range, the Silurian are the lowest Palaeozoic rocks that 

 come to the surface. 



The main axis of the joint mass of Midsummer and Hollybush 

 Hills, like that of Swinyard Hill (from which it is separated by the 

 Gullet Pass), runs about north and south ; that of Eaggedstone Hill, 

 which is bounded on the north by the Hollybush Pass, and on the 

 south by the lower part of the ' Valley of White-leaved Oak,' runs 

 about north-west and south-east ; while Chase End Hill runs from 

 north-east to south-west. On the east, these hills are bounded 

 abruptly by the Trias, along an undulating line of fault. On the 

 west, the lower parts of the slopes are formed almost exclusively by 

 a flanking series of highly-inclined and much-dislocated Cambrian 

 strata. 



At a short distance to the west of this southern part of the 

 range is a half-lyre-shaped escarpment, well-marked for the greater 

 part of its course, and formed by the May Hill conglomerates and 

 sandstones. 



Between this escarpment and the Malvern Eange is a partially- 

 enclosed basin, or tract of generally lower ground, largely occupied 



1 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxvi (1880), vol. xliii (1887), vol. xlv (1889), 

 A vol. xlix (1893). 



2 Ibid. vol. xxxvi (1880) pp. 536 etseq^q. ^ Ibid. vol. li (1895) pp. 1-8. 

 * Ibid. vol. xliv (1888) pp. 740 et seqq. 



'"• ' Petrology for Students,' 1895, pp. 55, 143, etc. 



6 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. liv (1898) pp. 556-562. 



^ Eep. Brit. Assoc. 1898 (Bristol), p. 873. 



« Throughout this paper the signs M 100, M 103, etc. refer to locaUties 

 corresponding to numbers in the map (PI. XIII), and to specimens collected 

 at those localities. 



