^Ol* 55'] ^^^ CHALK AND DRIFT IN MOEN AND EiJGEN. 305 



20. Relations of the Chalk and Drift in Moen and Rtjgen. By 

 Prof. T. G. Bonnet, D.Sc, LL.D., Y.P.E.S., F.G.S., and th& 

 Rev. Edwin Hill, M.A., F.G.S. (Read March 22nd, 1899.) 



Contents. 



Page 



I. Introduction 305 



II. The Chalk and Drift in Moen 306 



III. The Chalk and Drift in Eiigen 311 



IV. Conclusions 321 



I. Introduction. 



Moen, one of the Danish islands, lies on the south-east of Seeland ;. 

 Riigen, belo aging to Germany, is very near the northern coast of 

 Pomerania. They are separated in a north-westerly to a south- 

 easterly direction by about 35 miles of sea, and on clear days are 

 visible one from the other. Both districts have been for long — one 

 of them more than half a century — classic ground in the annals of 

 glacial geology. Our past work in England and elsewhere had 

 made us for some time anxious, if only for comparative purposes, to 

 undertake a personal examination of sections so diversely inter- 

 preted, and an opportunity of gratifying this desire occurred last 

 summer. We first visited Moen, and about a fortnight later landed 

 in Riigen, remaining in each a sufficient time to examine aU the 

 more important sections, with the results which will be found in 

 this paper. 



The ground in each island is generally low, but it becomes more 

 undulating towards the east, and rises on that side into a range of 

 Chalk-downs capped with Drift and covered by beech-woods. Each 

 of these tracts ends abruptly in a line of lofty Chalk-cliffs, and 

 these, in both cases, exhibit at many spots that rock and the Drift 

 in relations which are peculiar and abnormal. 



Many geologists have examined the islands and published explana- 

 tions of the phenomena which they present. Some maintain that the 

 Glacial beds have been included in the Chalk by a series of acute 

 folds ; others, that these beds have been dropped down into the Chalk 

 by a series of faults. Both parties attribute the mutual relations of 

 these strata, so widely separated in age, to terrestrial movements,, 

 and we may quote, in this connexion, the names of Eorchhammer 

 Puggaard, Lyell, Cohen & Deecke, Berendt, and H. Credner.^ 



^ Forchhammer, Poggendorf s Annal. vol. Iviii, p. 626 ; Puggaard, ' Moens 

 Geologie,' Copenhagen, 1851 ; Lyell, Trans. Geol. See. ser. 2, vol. v. pt. i (1837) 

 p. 252 & ' Antiq. of Man,' 4th ed. (1873) ch. xvii, p. 387; Cohen & Deecke, 

 Mittheil. d. Naturw. Vereins f. Neupommern u. Riigen, 1889 ; Berendt', 

 Zeitschr. d. Deutsch. Geol. Gesellsch. yol. xli (1889) p. 148 : H. Credner ibid 

 p. 365. 



Q. J. G. S. No. 219. X 



