^Ol* 55'] CHALK AND DEIFT IN MOEN AND RtJGEN. 311 



by Puggaard as of general occurrence low down in the Drift.^ That, 

 however, may be sometimes present, for the sections (at the time of 

 our visit) evidently were not in so good a condition for examination 

 as when they were studied by him. Indeed, we confined our attention 

 to a comparatively small number, because the evidence of so many 

 was untrustworthy, owing to staining and slip. But in the rest there 

 seemed no probability of anything occurring more favourable to the 

 hypothesis of faulting — or, indeed, of ice-thrust — while the testimony 

 of every clear section appeared to us irreconcilable with either 

 of them. 



III. The Chalk and Drift in R-ugen. 



The island of Eiigen in many respects is a repetition of Moen, 

 but on a larger scale horizontally, for its area is about 337 square 

 miles. Its coasts are very conspicuously indented, and it is almost 

 severed by the curiously irregular inlet called the Jasmunder Bodden. 

 These features suggest that the level of the whole region was once 

 higher by at least some yards. West of the Jasmunder Bodden the 

 district, so far as we saw, lies low; east of it the undulations 

 become more pronounced, forming gently-rolling hills of Chalk, 

 which are frequently overlain, at any rate on their lower slopes, by 

 sand or a sandy clay. These, on approaching the eastern coast, 

 rise into elevated downs, often more than 300 feet above the sea.^ 

 This upland zone extends from near Sassnitz to Lohme, a distance 

 of about 6 miles from north to south, and terminates on its 

 eastern side in steep cliffs or slopes overlooking the Baltic. The 

 cliffs of Eiigen are slightly higher than those of Moen, the crest of 

 that at Stubbenkammer being 435 feet above the sea, but to award 

 the palm of beauty would be no easy task. 



We examined the coast from Dwasieden, a park about 1 mile west 

 of Krampass-Sassnitz,^ to Stubbenkammer — a distance altogether of 

 about 7 miles, or fully twice the length of the important part 

 of Moen, — passing over most of it at least twice. As the sea 

 occasionally washes the base of the Chalk-cliffs, they can be 

 examined continuously only from above ; but wherever the descent 

 was practicable and the sections were promising, we looked at them 

 also from the shore. The line of coast about Sassnitz trends in a 

 north-easterly direction, then runs for some miles almost due north, 

 and finally, before reaching Stubbenkammer, begins to work round 

 to the westward : hence we saw one section (the longest) parallel 

 to the general direction of the range, a second oblique to it, and 



^ A brownish band, a few inches thick, frequently appeared at the base of 

 the clay, but this proved, in the cases where we could examine it, to be merely 

 an iron-staining, generally of rotten Chalk. 



^ We refer only to the nearly insulated part between Prorer Wick and 

 Tromper Wick, bays separated the one from the Kleiner Bodden, the other from 

 the Grosser Bodden by a narrow isthmus. 



^ These were separate hamlets, but are now practically united in one 

 rapidly-growing watering-place, collectively spoken of as Sassnitz. Krampasa 

 was the westernmost of the two. Soon they will be like Hastings and 

 St. Leonards. 



