Yol. 55.] THE CEAVEN DISTRICT OF YOEKSHIRE. 333 



thick calcareous band in both anticlines. The middle shale-band is 

 separated from, the upper by the above-mentioned calcareous band 

 (hereafter spoken of as the breccia-band) and another calcareous band 

 below it : this shale is also well seen in both anticlines. The lower 

 shale is seen in places a little above the top of the debris, in the right 

 limb of the right anticline. 



It will be convenient to consider the features of the quarry in 

 the probable order of their production, and I will commence with 

 a description of the breccia-band.^ It appears to form a true bed, 

 and may be traced practically all round the quarry at the same 

 horizon, namely, immediately below the upper shale. As it is 

 folded with the other layers, it clearly occurred as a breccia 

 before the final folding. It varies in thickness, measuring on an 

 average about 3 feet. Where unweathered,the fragments are difficult 

 to distinguish from the matrix, both consisting of grey calcareous 

 matter ; but on a weathered surface the fragments stand out, and in 

 one place the matrix is weathered to a rusty yellow, while the 

 fragments remain grey. At the base the breccia is welded in places 

 to about 3 inches of unbrecciated rock with parallel structure, the 

 junction being irregular, resembling the sutures of tlie bones of a 

 skull, but parallel to the base of the band, and it looks as though 

 the lower part of the rock had undergone re-crystallization, although 

 it is in places full of foraminifera. In other parts of the quarry 

 there is no unbrecciated portion, the band being brecciated to its base. 

 The fragments are angular, and very irregular in shape, often 

 showing knobs with intervening depressions. The fragments are 

 often cracked across, without displacement (see fig. 2), but occasion- 

 ally a slight displacement may be seen. Some of the cracks pass 

 through the matrix, 



but most of them pig. 2. — CracTced fragments in breccia, 



do not ; and exami- Draughton Quarry. 



nation of the frag- 

 ments in the quarry 

 convinced me that 

 these had not fallen 

 into a mass of lime- 

 stone after its depo- 

 sition, but that the 

 brecciation occurred 

 subsequently to the 



consolidation of the [About f nat. size.] 



limestone, as the 



result of rock-movement. Additional evidence of this will be 

 subsequently advanced. The alternate ' bays ' and ' headlands ' of 

 many of the limestone-fragments suggest solution under pressure, 

 as seen in fig. 2. 



The top and base of the breccia, and of the other hard bands in 



^ First recognized as a breccia by Mr. Tiddeman ; see Handbook for Leeds 

 & Airedale, prepared for Brit. Assoc. Meetg. 1890, p. 52. 



