Vol. 55.] LIMESTONE-KNOLLS IN CEAYEN. 359 



22. The Limestone-knolls helow Szipton and Geasstngton in 

 Ceaven. By J. E. Dakyns, Esq., M.A. (Communicated by 

 the President. Eead April 26th, 1899.) 



A BAND of limestone runs from Cracoe (a few miles north of 

 Skipton) in a north-easterly direction towards the Eiver Wharfe. 

 This band forms an anticlinal ; for along its north-western flank the 

 limestone is seen to dip north-westward beneath beds of shale, which 

 have a similar dip ; and on its south-eastern flank the limestone 

 dips south-eastward under the shales and grits of Thorpe Pell, the 

 top of the rock running from Butter Haw nearly along Thorpe 

 Lane towards the northern end of Elbolton. In several places the 

 top of the limestone is brecciated, and the overlying Bowland Shale 

 contains fragments of limestone. 



Although the general structure of the country is thus sufficiently 

 plain, the details of the limestone are not easily made out. This 

 rock forms five conspicuous hills, more or less conical, which stand 

 up abruptly from the general level of the ground at the foot of the 

 gritstone fell. Their names in order, beginning at the south-west 

 and going round by north-east to east, are Skelterton, Butter Haw, 

 Stebden Hill, Elbolton, and Keal Hill. They are all formed of 

 massive limestone. 



The beds on Skelterton have an easterly dip, and owing to rolls the 

 top of the limestone runs in a curvilinear fashion to Butter Haw, which 

 forms an anticlinal, and thence nearly along Thorpe Lane towards 

 the northern end of Elbolton, leaving Stebden Hill apparently as an 

 island. On the north side of the last-named hill I found beds 

 dipping north- west ward at 40°, but no satisfactory dip could be 

 ascertained on any other part of the hill. It may be faulted on the 

 south side : for the limestone appears to be disturbed at the foot of 

 the hill, where I found a north-easterly dip of 53° into the hill, and 

 the Lower Millstone Grits are striking at the limestone-hill ; but 

 the latter appearance would necessarily result if the beds formed 

 subsequently to the limestone had been laid- down on a very uneven 

 surface. I could see nothing of the solid rocks in the hollow between 

 Butter Haw and Stebden Hill ; but it is obvious that, unless there is a 

 fault between the two hills, the limestone must either turn up again 

 on the south-eastern side of the Butter Haw anticlinal or have been 

 originally formed in a moundy fashion. 



As to Elbolton, I found it quite impossible to make out how the 

 limestone was lying. At the northern foot of the hill and on the 

 western flank I obtained dips of 20° to 35°, consistent with the idea 

 that the hill is a dome with a quaquaversal dip ; but on the south 

 side I measured a dip of 15° into the hill, and over the greater part 

 of the hill I could find no dips at all. Thus baffled outside, I tried 

 inside ; for the hill is traversed by veins and pipes of galena, and 

 entrance into the very heart of the rock may be gained by the mine- 

 adits. Nevertheless I met with no more success inside than out: 



