654 MR. W. GIBSON AND DR. WHEELTON HIND ON THE [Aug. 1 899, 



The dip is often as high as 65°, and is seldom lower than 55°. 

 The north-easterly strike remains constant. 



(b) Quarry below the Third Grit, near roadside leading 

 from Gillow Heath to Congleton. — Many of the grit-bands 

 can be traced to the north-east for several hundred yards. In this 

 direction, about a mile distant from Limekiln Wood, a quarry 

 mentioned in the Geological Survey memoir ^ has of recent years 

 yielded a varied marine fauna.^ A measured section shows, in 

 descending order, the following strata : — 



Dull grey and yellow clay, with blocks of grit, 0-5 feet. Feet Ins. 



Rotten limestone, made up of Orthis resu^inata 5 2 



Grit 1 



Shales, grey 3 



Shales with thin slightly calcareous nodules 9 



Hard, fine, grey sandy shales 4 



Shales, with eleven bands of calcareous nodules, containing a 



rich marine fauna 5 7 



Eather dark shales, with two lines of calcareous nodules 3 



Shales with Goniatiies 8 



Darker calcareous shales coarsely laminated, with Glyphioceras 



spirale, Posidomella lavis, etc 1 



Shales, with calcareous nodules ; marine fossils 4 



Coal, about ^ inch, twisted into joints of grit 0| 



Gannister-like grit 5 8 



Gannister grits and shales, with plant-remains 33 7 



The dip is 45° to the south-east, giving with the rise in ground 

 and distance from the Third Grit a thickness of about 500 feet of 

 strata, chiefly shales, between the Orthis resuj)ina ta-limestone and 

 this grit. The shales between the bands of grit are much crushed, 

 showing that they have been subjected to considerable pressure. 



The strata between the limestone- massif and the Third Grit are 

 thus seen to consist of two portions — an upper series of thin grits 

 and shales with a marine band in the middle, and a lower series of 

 shales and thin, hardened, slightly calcareous mudstones, apparently 

 unfossiliferous and having a massive grit 70 feet in thickness near 

 their base. The hardened calcareous mudstones possibly represent 

 the thin limestones mapped in Staffordshire and Derbyshire by the 

 officers of the Geological Survey as occurring some few hundred 

 feet above the main mass of Carboniferous Limestone, and are 

 representatives of the Pendleside Limestone of Lancashire and 

 Yorkshire. 



The twisted nature of the Astbury Carboniferous Limestone- 

 inlier with its compressed structure, the crushing of the shales 

 between the bands of grit seen in the quarry below Congleton Edge, 

 and the evident folding and crumpling of the shales in the brook- 

 section north of the limestone-quarry, make it possible that the beds 

 between the Third Grit and the limestone may owe part of their 

 thickness to reduplication by overfolding ; but we think that the 

 stream-sections in Limekiln Wood, with their distinct divisions 



^ 'Geol. of Country round Stockport, Macclesfield, Congleton, & Leek,' 

 Mem. Geol. Surv. 1866, p. 92. 



2 Wheelton Hind, Geol. Mag. 1897, p. 208, and * Brit. Oarb. LameUibr.' 

 Monogr. Pal. Soc. pt. ii (1897) p. 93. 



