Yol. 55.] THE GLACIAL PHENOMENA OE SPTTSBEEGEN. 681 



36. Additional Notes on the Glacial Pheno3iena of Spitsbeegen. 

 By E. J". Gaewood, Esq., M.A., F.G.S. (Read June 21st, 

 1899.) 



[Plates XLI-XLVIII.] 



I. Inteoduction. 



In a paper published in the preceding vohime of this Journal,^ 

 an account was given of the glacial phenomena observed in Spits- 

 bergen by Dr. Gregory and myself during our visit with Sir Martin 

 Conway in 1896. The work accomplished that year was practically 

 confined to observations made in the valleys lying to the east of 

 Ice Ejord, namely Advent Yale and Sassendal, with their tributary 

 glens and connecting passes. Over this district there is no approach 

 to a continuous sheet of ice ; our detailed investigations were 

 therefore limited to an examination of the small glaciers occurring 

 over restricted areas, or debouching into the larger lateral valleys, 

 from the icefields to the north. The time at oui^ disposal that 

 year did not admit of an expedition on to the inland ice, marked 

 in the chart as occurring farther north, of which we caught glimpses 

 on more than one occasion from the summits of the Sassendal peaks. 

 From the views, however, which we obtained, this district promised 

 to afford admirable material for the study of ice-action on a large 

 scale. As no information could be procured regarding the character 

 of the interior of the northern part of West Spitsbergen, save that 

 the chart bore the mysterious legend ' high inland ice,' a term 

 which we had found on previous occasions to be synonymous with 

 ' unexplored,' I decided to revisit the island, and was fortunate 

 in persuading Sir Martin Conway to join me on an expedition 

 during the summer of 1897 into the interior of the country lying 

 north of Ice Ejord. 



The objects of the expedition also included the exploration of the 

 mountain-ranges in the neighbourhood of Horn Sound, situated at 

 the southern end of the island, from which I had been driven back 

 by bad weather the previous year. 



The geographical results obtained have already been published.^ 

 The present communication records observations made on ice- 

 action in the districts which we traversed during this expedition. 



II. The Inland Ice. 



The tracts of ice which we visited are described as 'high 

 inland ice ' in the old chart of Spitsbergen, and occupy two distinct 

 areas. The larger of these covers a tract of elevated ground lying 

 between N. lat. 78° 30' & 79° 10', and E. long. 16° & 20°. 



^ Vol. liv (1898) p. 197. A full list of references to preyious work on ice in 

 Spitsbergen and kindred districts elsewhere will be found in the paper quoted. 

 2 Geogr. Journ. vol. xii (1898) p. 137. 

 Q. J. G. S. No. 220. 2 Y 



