Vol. 55.] SILUEIAN ECHINOIDEA AND OPHIUKOIDEA. 695 



EucLADiA WooDWARDT, sp. nov. (Figs. 1 & 2.) 



Certain star-fishes which have long lain in museums without a 

 name, as being too problematical for determination, prove on close 

 examination to be species of Eudadia; but so different is their 

 aspect, owing to the difference in the state of preservation, that no 

 one at first glance would have suspected their true nature. A.fter 

 first placing these forms in a new family, and then in a new , 



I am at last led to describe them merely as a new species. Aii bhe 

 known examples of Eudadia Woodwardi, which is dedicated to the 

 author of the genus, occur as hollow, ochre-stained casts in a matrix 

 of fine-grained sandstone of Lower Ludlow age, Leintwardine. The 

 Oxford University Museum contains no less than nine specimens, and 

 there is one in the British Museum (Natural History) ; of these 

 ten, five show the exterior dorsal surface and five the exterior ventral 

 surface. All agree in presenting five paired series of appendages, 

 proceeding from the ventral surface of the body, which now possesses 

 a more or less oval outline. The specimens are all of nearly the 

 same size, the central body measuring about 2x3 cm,, the longest 

 arms 2*5 cm. in length, and about 3 mm. in breadth where broadest. 

 Not more than four, possibly only three, pairs of arms can be traced 

 in connexion with each radius, but an additional pair may have 

 existed close to the buccal armature, and have since become crushed 

 out of recognition. 



The dorsal surface (fig. 1). — This is completely covered by 

 numerous rounded polygonal or irregular scales, about '2 mm. 

 thick and not exceeding 5 mm. in diameter ; their surface is 

 richly granulated. They are not arranged according to any dis- 

 coverable law, though there may be a tendency to run parallel with 

 the ambitus. In their present state they overlap each other to 

 such an extent that one plate may be half concealed by another ; 

 no doubt they were imbricated during life, but the excessive overlap 

 now presented is probably in part due to crushing. The direction 

 of the imbrication is upward, that is, in the direction opposite to 

 that of tiles on a roof, and thus resembles the imbrication of the 

 dorsal surface of a recent Ophiuroid. The plates are all of the 

 same nature, and there are no openings on the dorsal surface. 



The ventral surface (fig. 2). — In the centre the powerful 

 buccal armature is a very conspicuous object. It consists of five 

 pairs of strong plates or ossicles, precisely similar in their form and 

 arrangement to those of Eudadia Johnsoni. Around the armature 

 are numerous small plates, irregularly disposed ; from their form 

 and size these may be regarded as elements of the test, though they 

 may possibly include remains of crushed arms. If, as judging from 

 analogy we might suppose, minute arms proceeded from the outer 

 angles of the jaws, they have since disappeared. 



Outside the irregularly scattered small plates larger ones are seen 

 arranged : along the five radii these are escutcheon-shaped, imbri- 

 cated, and form a single series of three. Distally, each plate is 

 produced into three processes, a single median and two lateral ; 

 the angle formed by the side of the plate and each lateral process is 



