Testing the Value of Guns by Filling under Water. 173 



It will be seen from this table that the U. S. Model ( N. Y. 

 State Model ) and Sharp's rifle come first; then the U.S. 

 Army rifle ; next the Spanish Model ; and last the Austrian 

 Service rifle. The experiments made by Uchatius with this 

 last weapon were very limited ; for example, he did not de- 

 termine the distance thai established the fact, whether the bullet 

 is to penetrate the board or is to be imbedded ; he consequently 

 did not arrive at the true value of the rifle as regards penetra- 

 tion ; and as the weight of powder and bullet were not given 

 in his report, it is hardly fail to consider the Austrian rifle 

 inferior to those that I tested, until more exact experiments 

 'are conducted with it. 



It now becomes necessary to investigate also the cause of 

 the variation between the different rifles experimented with. 

 It will be remembered that in the first part of my paper I 

 stated that my object was to verify the experiments of Ucha- 

 tius. I therefore adopted as much as possible the conditions 

 under which he worked. For instance, he says, " the distances 

 were measured from the mouth of the gun.' 1 From the de- 

 scription given of the rifles used by me, it will be seen that the 

 length of barrels differed ; while in the U. S. Army rifle the 

 barrel was 39 1-8 inches long, that of the U. S. Model and 

 Spanish Model was 35 1-8 inches, while that of the Sharp's rifle 

 was only 30 1-8 inches. It will be evident, as all my meas- 

 urements were tali en from the end of the barrel — instead of 

 from the end of the cartridge, — that the bullet in the barrel 

 of the greatest length had to travel through more water (in 

 the barrel) than in a barrel of less length. 

 s 39^-- _ 



O 3 



- 35-§ " §T" 



U. S. Army Eifle- 

 .58 caliber. 



U. S. Model Eifle 

 — .50 caliber. 





30 s H i i 



fc QE. _..*' Sharp's Eifle — .50 



"" ' ~~ " ' i caliber. 



L j Spanish Model 



— f £" i Eifle— .433 caliber. 



35 i 



