A Revision of the American CicJilidae. 60^ 



mm. Upper jaw projecting. Anal spines four. Cleft of mouth 

 short. Scales on cheek snaall, in more than five series. 



10. Theraps 



II, Ventrals in front of origin of dorsal 11. Mesonailta 



Jf. Vertical limb of preopercle serrate. 



p. Jaws eqnal. Scales rather large ; those of the lateral line equal 

 ordinary scales in size. 



q. Body short and deep, as in Astronotus 12. Crenicara 



qq. Body elongate, as in Crenicichla 13. I>icrossilS 



pp. Lower jaw much projecting. Mouth wide, snout depressed. 

 Fewer scales in the lateral line than in the series just above it. 



14. Creniciclftla 

 hh. First gill arch with a downward projecting lobe on its upper limb, the 



rakers carried on the free margin of this limb 15. OcophagllS 



r. Preorbital not deeper than eye. Eye equidistant from tip of snout and 



upper angle of gill opening (Mesops) 



rr. Preorbital in adult prolonged, much deeper than the eye. Eye placed 

 high, much nearer upper angle of gill opening than tip of snout. 



(Geophagus) 

 aa. Soft portion of dorsal longer than spinous portion. 



s. First gill arch with a downward projecting lobe above, as in Geophagus. 

 Anal spines three, dorsal spines 7 or 8. Body very long. Preopercle 



entire 16. Saraca 



«s. First gill arch normal. Body short and deep. 



t. Gill-rakers obsolete. Anal spines 6 to 10. Covered with small ctenoid 

 scales. Soft dorsal and anal scaly. Teeth small, occupying only the 

 symphyseal portion of jaws. Mouth small, very oblique. 



17. Synipliysodou 

 tt. Gill-rakers setiform. Anal spines six, graduated. Narrow bands of 

 teeth in the jaws. Mouth small, oblique. Anterior parts of soft dorsal, 

 anal, and first ventral ray much prolonged. Caudal truncate. 



18. Pteropliylluni 



1. CH^TOBRANCHUS Meckel. 



Heckel, Bras. Fluss-Fische, in Ann. Wien. Mus., II, 1840, p. 401 {flavescens, 



hrunneus). 

 Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 1862, p. 309 {fiavescens). 

 Steind., Beitr. zur Kenntniss der Chromiden des Amazonenstromes, 1875, p. 



68 ijlarescens). 

 Eigenmann & Eigenmann, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 70. 



The genera Chaetobranchus and Chsetobranchopsis stand apart 

 from the remaining genera of Cichlid^ on account of the peculiar 

 gill-rakers. The characters separating these two genera from each 



