64 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
Lower California, and Whitehead mines, and a series of prospect 
pits. 
These mines are situated along the course of the ore in a sweep- 
ing parabola, with strikes and dips shifting in a manner which 
accords with a synclinal structure pitching northeastwardly. 
The Tip-top mine may possibly represent the cut-off southerly 
end of the Lake ore body; this mine is judged to have been opened 
on the upper horizon of magnetite. 
The northeastward extension of the same fault, or possibly a 
branch of it, offsets the houghly-paralleled ore-belt in which lie the 
Crossway, Mountain, Long, Scott, Cook and Augusta mines. The 
horizontal displacement is approximately about 200 feet, but it is 
not possible to estimate the vertical displacement. 
Minor cross-faults have affected the same belt, also. Thus the 
northern end of the Scott ore body is cut by a small fault striking a 
few degrees west of north and dipping very steeply, which has 
caused a lateral displacement of about 45 feet; the Cook mine is 
similarly affected, the lateral displacement being equally small. (See 
fig. 9) 
The Crawford ore body shows a small lateral displacement, and 
the Canopus ore body has likewise been faulted, but to an unknown 
degree. 
The difficulty of determining the extent of faulting is due to the 
fact that most of the mines so affected are either mere open-cuts, 
all more or less filled and caved, or else they are inaccessible because 
they have become filled with water. In the case of the Canopus and 
the Bull mines, deformation due to faulting is reflected in the thin 
sections, which show all stages of strain and crush effects. (See 
plate 8) 
The Bull mine exhibits these features to a marked degree, as 
would be expected, since it is located in one of the “stranded” or 
“floating”? fault blocks previously mentioned, and the ore 
body has therefore been affected both by the Appalachian thrust 
movement which carried the whole block up and over on the 
Paleozoic rocks, and the Triassic gravity-faults which subsequently 
isolated the block and which bound it on the northern, eastern and 
southern sides. 
The Standish mine of the Warwick group is cut by a fault of 
unknown magnitude at the northeast end, beyond which the ore is 
not again in evidence. The Phillips belt of magnetite, in Putnam 
county, is similarly disturbed, but the transverse faults are of small 
displacement and nowhere produce an offset of more than 50 feet. 
