1851.] SEDGWICK — PALAEOZOIC ROCKS OF WESTMORELAND. 41 



new evidence which fell under my observation during the past summer, 

 and seemed to determine very nearly the palaeozoic place of the older 

 strata near Ingleton and Horton in Ribblesdale. 



Ravenstonedale Section. Fig. 2, p. 37. — This section commences 

 with the horizontal beds of Wild Boar Fell, the highest of which be- 

 long to the Millstone Grit ; it then crosses the Craven fault, and the 

 dislocated masses of limestone, on its western side, which come down to 

 the road called Ravenstonedale Street, and abut unconformably against 

 a series of calcareous slates that are filled with Coniston-limestone 

 fossils. It then passes over the high ridge of Harter Fell, and thence 

 descends to Ravenstonedale Town, and over the long limestone ridge 

 of Ravenstonedale Park as far as the very remarkable transverse 

 gorge which conveys the waters through Smardale into the basin of 

 the Eden. This line makes during its course a considerable bend, so 

 that it may intersect the successive groups of rock in a direction 

 nearly transverse to their strike. 



(1.) I profess not in this paper to describe the calcareous chain at 

 the S.E. end of the section; but I may remark, that the passage of 

 the Craven fault produces a very complicated series of disturbances, 

 which 1 have here very inadequately represented, — that the " edge- 

 beds," called The Clouds (see fig. 2), are above the natural level of the 

 great Scar-limestone, — that the hue of break first produces an upcast 

 on the west side, and then, through the intervention of an anticlinal, 

 brings the same beds to a lower level. The immediate presence of the 

 older chain makes it impossible for the dislocated limestone to descend 

 to a much lower level. It has first been broken and elevated by the 

 action of the Craven fault, and then jammed between the two moun- 

 tain chains, nearly in the manner here represented. 



(2.) The Coniston limestone group (fig. 2, d) has been described > 

 in a previous paper*. 



(3.) The S.E. flank of Harter Fell is made up of earthy slates and 

 flagstones (fig. 2, c), some of which are calcareous. The beds are 

 much covered with overshot matter, but contain Gr'aptolites sagit- 

 tariusf and Cardiola interrupta. These are the exact equivalent of 

 the Coniston flags. 



(4.) The hard "Coniston grits" (fig. 2, b) are next seen in a 

 very characteristic form, not far from the crest of Harter Fell. I 

 had before traced this remarkable group as far as Cautley Crags, 

 and I have now completed its range by tracing it from Cautley Crags 

 through the south end of the Screes ; thence, across Winsterdale, to 

 a high mountain ridge called Adamthwaite Bank ; and lastly to the 

 north flank of Harter Fell. It is chiefly composed of hard grey grits, 

 which alternate with thin bands of slate and flagstone, sometimes 

 showing cleavage-planes ; and the harder and coarser grits are often 

 marked by spherical concretions, which sometimes are hard and stand 

 out in relief; but commonly are more or less earthy and decom- 

 posing, and have been weathered out of the hard grits. 



* See Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. ii. p. 108 et seq. 



t I believe that in a former paper {loc. cii.) this species was mistaken for 

 Graptolites Ludensis. 



