1851.] SEDGWICK PALAEOZOIC ROCKS OF WESTMORELAND. .51 



being raised from the planes of bedding. Many of the beds show im- 

 pressions of ill-preserved Orthocei'atites, of which the septa are occa- 

 sionally visible, and many of them show traces of Graptolites Sagit- 

 tarius. Impressions of small Bivalve Shells were not rare, but none 

 of them were sufficiently well-preserved to show specific characters. 



At the second great quarry (further to the S.E.), a fine striped 

 flagstone is worked close up to the horizontal limestone. It dips 30° 

 E. of Mag. S. at an angle of 35°. Immediately beyond this quarry 

 is a synclinal line, on the other side of which the dip is 30° E. of 

 Mag. N. Then an anticlinal brings the beds again into the southern 

 dip, beyond which, in a great hollow of the mountain-side, the beds 

 are again reversed, dipping at an angle of 70° to a point 45° E. of 

 Mag. N. ; and this northern dip is continued round the S.E. end of 

 Moughton Fell. It is also continued into the Dry-rigg quarries, 

 where the beds dip 45° E. of Mag. N. at an angle of 78°. It is 

 through these quarries, as before stated, that we are enabled to 

 connect the flagstones of Moughton Fell with the corresponding beds 

 on the east side of the Ribble. 



In the flagstone series we sometimes observe numerous dip-joints 

 that are coated with calcareous spar ; and we occasionally meet with 

 spherical concretions of considerable size ; in the Dry-rigg quarries 

 the concretions abound so much as to disfigure the flagstone, and 

 make many slabs of it unfit for use. Sometimes they are hard and 

 calcareous ; sometimes soft, earthy, and ferruginous ; and not unfre- 

 quently they are in the condition of a light porous mass (commonly 

 called "rotten-stone") from which the calcareous matter has almost 

 entirely disappeared. But in almost all instances they were, I believe, 

 originally calcareous, and were aggregated about some extraneous 

 body, such as a shell or coral. Similar concretions are occasionally 

 found in the hard gritty masses associated with the flagstones ; and 

 they abound in some beds on the east side of the Ribble as we descend 

 towards Stain forth. 



From the quarries above-noticed we obtained the following fossils : 



Graptolites Sagittarius, Linn. sp. 

 Stenopora fibrosa. Gold. sp. 

 Favosites crassa, M'Coi/. 

 Orthoceras subundulatum, Miinst. 

 primeevum, Forbes, sp. 



Of these fossils the first is found at Moughton Fell and Studgill 

 quarries, and the species ranges from the Skiddaw Slate to the Wenlock 

 Shale. The second probably ranges from the Bala to the Lower 

 Carboniferous group. The third is a Bala species. The fourth and 

 fifth seem to range from the Bala group to the Wenlock Shale. 



Taking the facts above-stated as our guide, I think we may con- 

 clude that the calcaroeus group under Penygent (fig. 5 & 6, c?) is the 

 equivalent of the Coniston-limestone group, and that the Horton flag- 

 stone (c) is the equivalent of the Coniston flagstone ; and thus the 

 sections of the Ribble, so far as they go, are in exact correspondence 

 with the previous section of Ravenstonedale (see p. 41). 



E 2 



