1852.] BELL GEOLOGY OF KOTAH, DECCAN. 231 



soil* ;" this continues for about three miles and disappears as the 

 road leaves the river, the sandstone again becoming visible, which is 

 continued without interruption until we approach the Pranheetah at 

 Annawarrum, distant one mile from it, where the "black regar" allu- 

 vium is again entered upon, and ends by forming the nearly perpen- 

 dicular right bank of the river. The bed of the river measures 666 yards 

 in breadth, with a bottom of fine white quartzose sand ; the breadth of 

 stream varies with the season, at present (June 1 7) it is narrower than 

 at any other period of the year, and measures only 50 yards, with an 

 average depth of 3 feet. Pursuing this superficial examination in 

 the same line, the " black regar " is found to form the left bank, 

 which is 43 feet in height, and then to pass easterly for nearly a mile ; 

 when it is gradually lost, its place being supplied by sand, pebbles, 

 and quartzose conglomerate, the debris of the adjacent hills. 



The hill which limits the plain to the east is one of the chain ex- 

 tending from Budrachellum ; it has a N.W. and S.E. direction, and 

 is 478 feet high above the level of the plain ; its top is flat and 

 covered with fragments of quartz-conglomerate (with a ferruginous 

 cement) and iron-ore of various degrees of richness, from the yellow- 

 ish brown spheroidal masses of clay-iron-stone, containing 35 per cent, 

 of iron, to the red oxide, containing upwards of 70 per cent. The 

 sides and base are likewise covered with the same. 



This hill is composed of unstratified red sandstone, which at places 

 becomes ferruginous, the oxide of iron forming layers from 2 to 

 4 inches thick ; where this occurs the rock is less susceptible of 

 atmospheric influence, and is not worn to the same extent as the 

 surface generally, and the frequent projecting of these indurated por-_ 

 tions gives it the appearance of being intersected by a number of septa. 



Commencing from the most northerly point to which my observa- 

 tions have extended (Chicala, at a distance of twelve miles from 

 Kotah), and proceeding southerly by the left bank of the river, three 

 ridges of hills present themselves, of the same lithological characters 

 as the one already described. These ridges are separated from each 

 other by plains of the "black regar" alluvium. They have a N.W. 

 and S.E. direction, are flat at the top, and terminate their northerly 

 course at the river in escarpments of various heights. On approach- 

 ing the " Station," and 200 yards from it, we come upon another 

 sandstone-rock of a very different character, inasmuch as we find 

 distinct marks of stratification and no septa of iron-ore. The rock 

 is 36 feet high, and ascends perpendicularly from the water (which 

 is here 14 feet deep) ; its strike is E.N. E. with a dip of 10° to the 

 N.N.W. ; its surface is bare only to a small extent, being for the 

 most part covered with alluvium of " black regar," which is level 

 with its highest point. The strata of this rock are made up of a 

 number of thin layers arranged diagonally, separated from each other 

 by coloured lines ; these thin layers are composed of round grains of 

 white quartz : between the strata is found a layer of conglomerate of 

 quartz-pebbles. A few yards lower down the river, the outcropping 

 of laminated sandstone, alternating with clay, is observed, with a 

 similar strike and dip as the rock above ; between these outcroppings 



* A black alluvial earth, supposed to result from the decomposition of trap. 



