REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1903 155 



rough bark on certain trees sheltered some of the scale insects 

 from the application, and consequently it was only a short time 

 before the trees were restocked by breeding. An interesting series 

 of experiments was conducted at Warwick, the essential details 

 of which are given in the table on page 156. Owing to difficulties 

 in application etc., it was not always possible to regulate closely 

 the period of boiling, and while our intention was to rigidly test 

 the long and the short boil in each formula, as a matter of fact 

 there was some variation as will be seen on consulting the table. 

 The destruction of the scale, however, was all that could be ex- 

 pected, and it is very gratifying to state that Mr W. H. Hart of 

 Poughkeepsie, whose large orchard is infested with this pest, was 

 able by the use of a wash composed of 30 pounds of lime, 20 

 pounds of sulfur and 15 pounds of salt to 60 gallons of water to 

 keep the insects in subjection in a very satisfactory manner in- 

 deed, though some of his trees were of considerable size, being 18 

 to 20 or more feet high. Mr Hart was careful to have the applica- 

 tion made in the most thorough manner and he took pains to 

 always work with the wind when spraying, and in this manner 

 was able to obtain a maximum efficiency with a minimum amount 

 of labor. Comparisons on trees which were sprayed on only one 

 side gave most gratifying testimony to the efficacy of the wash, 

 the treated portions being practically free, while the untreated 

 were almost covered with the pest. Ben Davis seems to be much 

 more susceptible to the scale than the Thompkins County King. 

 Mr Hart is of the opinon that a small amount of rain, particu- 

 larly a mist for a day or two immediately after spraying, is of 

 value because it brings the caustic wash into more intimate con- 

 tact with the scale. Mr L. L. Morrell of Kinderhook has also had 

 excellent results from use of a lime-sulfur wash and the same is 

 true of Edward Van Alstyne of the same place. 



It is undoubtedly true that considerable variation is allowable 

 without materially influencing the value of the application. A 

 large amount of lime probably has some value because it forms a 

 thicker coat over the branches and is therefore a more efficient 

 mechanical barrier in preventing the establishment of young scale 



